174 SPring-8 beamlines are categorized into the following groups. (1) Public Beamlines (2) Contract Beamlines (3) JAERI / RIKEN Beamlines (4) Accelerator Beam Diagnosis The public beamlines were constructed by JAERI and RIKEN on government grants and are available for public use. Among them, three beamlines have been used for R&D. Since the 2005A period, the status of the three R&D beamlines has been changed to public beamlines on the recommendation of the R&D Beamline Review Committee, although one of the three (BL46XU) temporarily retained its R&D function. At present, 25 public beamlines (22 X-ray beamlines, two soft X-ray beamlines and one infrared beamline) are operational and available for public use. The contract beamlines are, on the other hand, installed, owned, operated and maintained by universities, companies and other organizations for exclusive use by contractors. Twenty percent of beamtime is, in principal, offered to public use by contract. Hyogo Prefecture took the lead in contract beamline construction, followed by Industrial Consortium, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC, Taiwan), Institute for Protein Research (Osaka Univ.), Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP, Osaka Univ.), National Institute for Materials Science, and Pharmaceutical Consortium, in that order. NSRRC was the first to construct foreign contract beamlines (BL12B2 and BL12XU) at SPring-8. Currently, these nine contract beamlines are all in operation. The JAERI/RIKEN beamlines are those constructed by JAERI and RIKEN for the exclusive use to promote their own research activities, although 20% of beamtime is reserved for public use. JAERI has already been constructed four beamlines. Experimental stations of BL22XU and BL23SU are located at RI Laboratory and dedicated to research utilizing radioactive isotopes and actinide materials. RIKEN has constructed six beamlines. As of April 2005, one beamline (BL17SU) has been in the commissioning phase. BL19LXU is the sole long undulator beamline and can provides the highest brilliance of all beamlines. BL26B1 and BL26B2 are beamlines used for high throughput protein crystallography in the line with the human genome project. BL29XU has two experimental stations, one located in the experimental hall, and the other at the end of the 1 km beamline. Dedicated to studying the characteristics of the electron beam accumulated in the storage ring, the accelerator beam diagnosis beamlines are currently under the exclusive use of the JASRI accelerator group. All 62 beamlines that SPring-8 can accommodate (34 insertion devices, 4 long undulators, 23 bending magnets and 1 infrared) are shown on the Beamline Map (Fig. 2). Including the two accelerator beam diagnosis beamlines, there are 47 beamlines, which is about 75% of full capacity (Table II). BL12XU BL12B2 BL16XU BL33LEP BL32B2 BL24XU BL16B2 BL15XU BL11XU BL14B1 BL23SU BL05SS BL04B1 BL04B2 BL02B1 BL01B1 BL47XU BL46XU BL45XU BL44B2 BL44XU BL02B2 BL08W BL09XU BL10XU BL20B2 BL19B2 BL19LXU BL17SU BL25SU BL27SU BL39XU BL38B2 BL38B1 BL35XU BL29XU BL40XU BL40B2 BL41XU BL28B2 BL26B2 BL43 IR BL22XU BL26B1 BL20XU BL13XU BL37XU BL08B2 National Institute for Materials Science Industrial Consortium Industrial Consortium Hyogo Prefecture National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University Pharmaceutical Consortium for Protein Structure Analysis Hyogo Prefecture Laser-Electron Photon Hyogo ID JAERI Materials Science II JAERI Materials Science I JAERI Actinide Science I High Temperature and High Pressure Research High Energy X-ray Diffraction Accelerator Beam Diagnosis Accelerator Beam Diagnosis Single Crystal Structure Analysis XAFS R&D RIKEN Structural Biology I RIKEN Structural Biology II Macromolecular Assemblies Powder Diffraction High Energy Inelastic Scattering Nuclear Resonant Scattering High Pressure Research Engineering Science Research RIKEN SR Physics Soft X-ray Spectroscopy of Solid Soft X-ray Photochemistry Magnetic Materials Structural Biology III RIKEN Coherent X-ray Optics High Flux Structural Biology II Structural Biology I White Beam X-ray Diffraction RIKEN Structural Genomics II Infrared Materials Science JAERI Actinide Science II RIKEN Structural Genomics I Medical and Imaging II Medical and Imaging I Surface and Interface Structures Pharmaceutical Industry WEBRAM Industrial Consortium ID Industrial Consortium BM High Resolution lnelastic Scattering Trace Element Analysis HXPES • MCT RIKEN Coherent Soft X-ray Spectroscopy NSRRC ID Hyogo BM NSRRC BM Beamline Map • Insertion Device (6 m) • Insertion Device (30 m) • Bending Magnet Total number of beamline : 62 (61+1) : 34 ( ) : 4 ( ) : 23 ( ) • Others : 1 ( ) Fig. 2. Beamline Map. 175 BL # Beamline Name Areas of Research XAFS in wide energy region (3.8 to 113 keV). XAFS of dilute systems and thin films. Structure physics using single crystal analysis. Precise structure analysis of photo-excited state. Accurate structure analysis of crystalline materials using powder diffraction data by Rietveld refinements and MEM (maximum entropy method). Mineral physics at high temperature and high pressure. Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction and X-ray radiography using the large-volume press. Structural analysis of glass, liquid, and amorphous materials. X-ray diffraction under ultra high-pressure. Precise single crystal structure analysis Magnetic Compton scattering. High-resolution Compton scattering. High-energy Bragg scattering. High-energy fluorescent X-ray analysis. Time domain Mössbauer spectroscopy. Lattice dynamics study using nuclear resonant scattering. Structure physics and earth science under ultra high pressure using DAC. Atomic-scale structure analysis of an ultra-thin film, nanostructure and surface, using in-air measurements (room temperature to 500 ºC) and in-vacuum measurements (20 to 1300 K). High resolution photoemission spectroscopy. Photoelectron diffraction and holography. Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD). Photoelectron emission microscope (PEEM). Industrial application using XAFS in wide energy region, residual stress measurement, structural analysis of thin film, surface and interface, powder diffraction, and X-ray imaging. Medical application: Microangiography, refraction-enhanced imaging. / Micro-imaging: Scanning microscopy, imaging microscopy, microtomography, X-ray holography and X-ray optics. / Ultra-small angle scattering. Medical application: Microradiography, microtomography and refraction-enhanced imaging. / Micro-imaging: R&D of optical elements for novel imaging techniques. Industrial research of functional material. Atomic and molecular spectroscopy by high resolution electron spectroscopy. Surface analysis and solid state physics. White X-ray diffraction. Time-resolved energy-dispersive XAFS (DXAFS). Material dynamics on ~ meV energy scales using inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) and nuclear resonant scattering (NRS). X-ray microbeam spectrochemical analysis. Ultra trace element analysis. High energy X-ray fluorescence analysis. XAFS. R&D of optics and detector. Macromolecular crystallography. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopy. Element-specific magnetometry. X-ray emission spectroscopy and its magnetic circular dichroism. Resonant or non-resonant magnetic scattering. Time-resolved diffraction and scattering experiments. X-ray speckle. X-ray fluorescence trace analysis. Macromolecular crystallography. Small angle X-ray (solution) scattering. Biological macromolecular crystallography. Infrared microspectroscopy. Magneto-optical spectroscopy. Infrared surface science. Absorption and reflection spectroscopy. Time-resolved experiments with pulsed laser and SR (pump and probe). Insertion devices R&D. Resonant and non-resonant magnetic scattering structural analysis. R&D of microtomography and microbeam technique. High energy photoemission spectroscopy. (Public Use) (Oct. 1997) (Oct. 1997) (Sep. 1999) (Oct. 1997) (Sep. 1999) (Oct. 1997) (Oct. 1997) (Oct. 1997) (Sep. 2001) (Nov. 2001) (Apr. 1998) (May 1998) (Nov. 2002) (Oct. 2000) (Oct. 1997) (Apr. 2000) (Oct. 1997) (Apr. 2000) (Nov. 2000) (Oct. 1997) (Sep. 1999) (Sep. 2001) (Sep. 1999) (Sep. 2001) (Sep. 1999) Public Beamlines ★ XAFS Single Crystal Structure Analysis Powder Diffraction High Temperature and High Pressure Research High Energy X-ray Diffraction High Energy Inelastic Scattering Nuclear Resonant Scattering High Pressure Research Surface and Interface Structures Engineering Science Research Medical and Imaging II Medical and Imaging I Soft X-ray Spectroscopy of Solid Soft X-ray Photochemistry White Beam X-ray Diffraction High Resolution Inelastic Scattering Trace Element Analysis Structural Biology III Magnetic Materials High Flux Structural Biology II Structural Biology I Infrared Materials Science R&D HXPES • MCT BL01B1 BL02B1 BL02B2 BL04B1 BL04B2 BL08W BL09XU BL10XU BL13XU BL19B2 BL20XU BL20B2 BL25SU BL27SU BL28B2 BL35XU BL37XU BL38B1 BL39XU BL40XU BL40B2 BL41XU BL43IR BL46XU BL47XU Table II. List of beamlines 176 NSRRC ID (NSRRC) NSRRC BM (NSRRC) WEBRAM (National Institute for Materials Science) Industrial Consortium ID (Industrial Consortium) Industrial Consortium BM (Industrial Consortium) Hyogo (Hyogo Prefecture) Pharmaceutical Industry (Pharmaceutical Consortium) Laser-Electron Photon (Osaka University) Macromolecular Assemblies (Osaka University) BL12XU BL12B2 BL15XU BL16XU BL16B2 BL24XU BL32B2 BL33LEP BL44XU JAERI Materials Science II JAERI Materials Science I JAERI Actinide Science II JAERI Actinide Science I RIKEN Coherent Soft X-ray Spectroscopy RIKEN Structural Genomics I & II RIKEN Coherent X-ray Optics RIKEN Structural Biology II RIKEN Structural Biology I BL11XU BL14B1 BL22XU BL23SU BL17SU BL19LXU BL26B1/B2 BL29XU BL44B2 BL45XU BL38B2 Accelerator Beam Diagnosis Accelerator Beam Diagnosis BL # Beamline Name Contract Beamlines Areas of Research X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Powder X-ray diffraction. High resolution X-ray scattering. Protein crystallography. High resolution X-ray photoemission microscopy. High energy excitation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. High resolution X-ray emission spectroscopy. Highly precise X-ray powder diffraction and ultra-small angle scattering. Characterization of thin films for ULSI and magnetic devices, catalysts, functional materials, and structural materials by X-ray diffraction, fluorescence X-ray analysis, X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, and imaging with X-ray microbeam. Characterization of industrial materials, such as metal and oxide films, semiconductor crystals by XAFS, topography and other methods. Structure analysis of small bio-crystals for industry. Surface/interface analysis for industry by fluorescent X-ray analysis, strain measurements and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. Microbeam formation studies for materials and life sciences. Protein structure analysis for structure-based drug design: Design and optimization of new leading compounds based on pharmacodynamic action mechanism elucidated at the molecular level which obtained from a detailed interaction analysis of receptor-drug complexes. Meson photoproduction from nucleon and nucleus. Photoexcitation of hyperons, nucleon resonances, and other exotic states. Photonuclear reactions. Beam diagnoses. Test and calibration of detectors with GeV photon beam. Crystal structure analysis of biological macromolecular assemblies (e.g. membrane complexes, protein complexes, protein-nucleic acid complexes, and viruses). High resolution non-resonant or resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. High resolution near-edge X-ray Raman scattering. Phase transitions under high-pressure, low and high temperatures. High-resolution X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy. X-ray physics and optics. JAERI Beamlines Nuclear resonant scattering. Surface and interface structure with MBE. Inelastic scattering. XAFS. Materials science at high pressure. Structure physics. Materials science at high pressure. Resonant X-ray scattering (activity at RI laboratory). Surface chemistry with supersonic molecular beam. Biophysical spectroscopy. Photoelectron spectroscopy (activity at RI laboratory). Magnetic circular dichroism (activity at RI laboratory). Spectroscopy of multiply charged ions. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). Soft X-ray emission spectroscopy. RIKEN Beamlines Macromolecular crystallography. Any research field requiring the highly brilliant X-ray beam. Structural genomics research based on single crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray optics, especially coherent X-ray optics. Macromolecular crystallography. Time-resolved structures of non-crystalline biological materials using small-angle scattering and diffraction technique. RIKEN SR Physics Accelerator beam diagnostics. R&D of accelerator components. Production of MeV γ -ray photons. (First Beam) (Oct. 1998) (Oct. 2000) (Dec. 2001) (Jan. 2000) (May 1998) (Apr. 2002) (Jun. 1999) (May 1999) (Oct. 1998) (Dec. 1998) (Dec. 1997) (Feb. 1998) (Feb. 1998) (Jul. 1997) (Apr. 2002) (Oct. 2000) (Sep. 2003) (May 2002) (Oct. 1998) BL05SS Accelerator Beam Diagnosis Accelerator beam diagnostics. R&D of accelerator components. (Mar. 2004) (Sep. 1999)
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