Research Frontiers 2015 Research Frontiers 2015 146 Our fourth year of operations proceeded without any significant issues. Operation statistics are summarized in Table 4. The ratio of downtime to user time was kept below 4%, a reasonably low rate for linac-based light sources. In 2014, two beamlines, BL3 for XFEL and BL1 for broadband spontaneous light, were open for users, while all experiments were conducted with BL3. As the newest beamline, construction of BL2 was completed during the summer shutdown, and first laser amplification was achieved on October 21. An upgraded beamline for soft X-ray FEL, BL1, which combines the prototype accelerator of SACLA (SCSS), is due to be in operation in 2016. For more details, please refer to SACLA Beam Performance in this volume. SACLA calls for public use proposals twice per year. Proposals fall into two categories: General Proposals for general research with no specific research theme, while Priority Strategy Proposals are on strategic themes that are designated by the national policy. Currently there are two strategic themes: Hierarchical Structure Dynamics of Biomolecules and Pico/Femto Second Dynamic Imaging. Table 5 shows the research themes for each group: Table 6, Figs. 6 and 7 provide statistics on proposals, users, and beamtime. SACLA I. Introduction II. Machine Operation & Beamlines III. User Program and Statistics Total operation time 6483 User time 3924 Facility tuning time Study time Downtime 158 2401 154 Time (h) 1. Hierarchical Structure Dynamics of Biomolecules 2. Pico/Femto Second Dynamic Imaging 1-1 Structural Analysis of Drug-targeted Membrane Protein Nanocrystals 1-2 Imaging of Whole Cell and Its Components in the Living State 1-3 Single Molecule Structural Analysis of Supramolecular Complex 1-4 Dynamics Research Combining Single Molecule X-ray Diffraction Experiments and Supercomputer Analysis 1-5 Dynamic Structural Analysis Using Pump-Probe Techniques 2-5 Dynamic X-ray Spectroscopy 2-4 Ultrafast Processes under Extreme Conditions 2-3 Charge Generation/Charge Transfer Dynamics 2-2 Ultrafast Interface Reaction Processes 2-1 Gas-Phase/Liquid-Phase/Solid-Phase Reaction Dynamics SACLA is the world’s second X-ray free electron laser (XFEL), following the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) in the US. Currently, these are the only two XFELs in operation. SACLA delivers the shortest wavelength XFEL. SACLA achieved its fi rst lasing on June 7, 2011, within three months of electron beam commissioning, and launched user operations from 2012A. Since then, we have operated SACLA in four years with reasonable stability and reliability. Table 4 . Operation statistics for FY2015 Table 5 . Research themes for each group Research Frontiers 2015 Research Frontiers 2015 Research Frontiers 2015 Research Frontiers 2015 147 In 2015, more than 30 papers from SACLA were published. These included three papers in Nature. Some of these studies, both scientific and technical, are included in this volume of SPring-8 / SACLA Research Frontiers. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Proposals Submitted Proposals Approved/Carried Out Number of Proposals Research Term 2012A 2012B 2013A 2013B 2014A 2015A 2014B 2015B Fig. 7. Half-year Research Term 2012A 2012B 2013B 2013A 2014B 2014A 55 49 59 25 27 24 30 28 29 297 461 268 410 400 430 126 154 117 139 147 140 68 49 70 2015A 33 527 144 66 2015B 35 (12) (19) (15) (19) (20) (17) (23) (23) (13) (8) (9) (11) (8) (12) (10) (12) 552 152 63 One shift = 12 hours at SACLA beamlines Proposals Submitted Cumulative Users Beamtime Carried Out (Shifts) Proposals Approved / Carried Out (Priority Strategy Proposals) (General Proposals) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Proposals Approve d/Carried Out Research Term 2012A 2012B 2013A 2013B 2014A 2014B 2015A 2015B Foreign Industry National or Public Research Institute University or Other Educational Institute Fig. 6. IV. Research Outcome Table 6 . Number of proposals submitted, proposals approved/carried out, cumulative users and beamtime available by research term
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