Research Frontiers 2016 Research Frontiers 2016 Research Frontiers 2016 Research Frontiers 2016 115 SPring-8 was stably operated throughout FY2016 with the total operation time of the accelerator complex and the total user beam time of 4951.7 h and 4125.5 h, respectively, and a total downtime of 23.1 h. Because of the major renovation of an extra-high-tension power source from the end of December 2016 to the end of March 2017, SPring-8 had to complete all its operations by the middle of December 2016, making the machine schedule quite tight and, thus, challenging. Regarding its research proposal system, the duration of the designation period of a priority field for the public beamlines “New Industrial Area Program” has been extended. Concerning the contract beamlines, there were five interim reviews conducted for WEBRAM (BL15XU, National Institute for Materials Science), Laser-Electron Photon Ⅱ (BL31LEP, Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University). NSRRC BM (BL12B2), NSRRC ID (BL12XU), and RISING Ⅱ (BL28XU, Kyoto University), and the continuation of their projects was authorized. Upon the expiration of their contract terms, reviews were also conducted for JAEA Actinide Science Ⅰ (BL22XU), JAEA Actinide Science Ⅱ (BL23SU), QST Quantum Dynamics Ⅰ (BL11XU), QST Quantum Dynamics Ⅱ (BL14B1), and Catalytic Reaction Dynamics for Fuel Cells (BL36XU, The University of Electro-Communications), and their proposals for the next term were approved. At the time of writing this report, SPring-8 users numbered as many as 11,000, all of whom are respected members of the SPring-8 User Community (SPRUC). It is important for SPring-8 to jointly organize scientific events with SPRUC, such as the SPring-8 Symposium, to facilitate dialogue between users and the facility staff . In 2016, the SPring-8 Symposium was held at Kwansei Gakuin University. SPring-8 also accelerates communication between users and industry. The Joint Conference on Industrial Applications of SPring-8, held in Kobe on September 7- 8, 2016, had 248 participants. As part of its continuous effort towards fostering human resources in synchrotron sciences, SPring-8 organized the 16th SPring-8 Summer School with 91 students of graduate schools nationwide, in cooperation with Hyogo University, Kwansei Gakuin University, the University of Tokyo, Okayama University, Osaka University, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, and RIKEN. The operation statistics for the last five fiscal years are shown in Fig. 1. In FY2016, the total operation time of the accelerator complex was 4951.7 h. The operation time of the storage ring was 4941.1 h, 84.0% of which (4125.5 h) was for SR experiments. This excellent figure of user time represents a storage ring availability of 99.4%, which ranks with the best record of 99.5% established over the previous two years. The downtime resulting from failure accounted for 0.56% (23.1 h) of the total user time. This is somewhat longer compared with that (16.8 h) in FY2015. This is because in FY2016, severe damage was incurred as a result of natural disasters such as an earthquake and power loss due to thunderstorms. The intensity of the light source, i.e., the stored current is kept extremely stable thanks to the top-up operation, in which the current is filled up at any time on demand. The dead band of the stored current in the top-up operation is routinely 0.03 mA (0.03%) and the current stays within 0.1% in 99.6% of the user time in FY2016, as well as in FY2015. The variety of operation modes is one of the characteristics of SPring-8. The operation modes are grouped into the multibunch, several-bunch, and hybrid-filling modes. There has been no user operation in the multibunch mode since FY2011. The several-bunch mode consists of equally spaced bunches or bunch trains, i.e., 203 bunches, or 29 trains of 11 bunches, and the hybrid-filling mode is composed of a long bunch train and isolated single bunches, as shown in Table 1, where the share of each operation mode is also shown. An isolated bunch impurity is routinely maintained at less than 10 –8 in the top-up operation by bunch cleaning in the booster. The bunch current is also kept constant within a 1% band by the top-up operation. In the SPring-8 I. Introduction II. Machine Operation Research Frontiers 2016 Research Frontiers 2016 116 III. Beamlines The SPring-8 storage ring can accommodate up to 62 beamlines: 34 insertion devices, 4 long undulators, and 24 bending magnets. At present, 56 beamlines are in operation, covering a wide variety of research fields involving synchrotron radiation science and technology. The beamlines are classified into the following three types. (1) Public Beamlines (2) Contract Beamlines (3) RIKEN Beamlines There are now 26 public beamlines in full operation. The beamlines that are proposed and constructed by external organizations, such as operation of the 203 bunches mode in the 2nd, 3rd, and 5th cycles of user time, beam instability occurred, so the equivalent filling mode of 406 bunches was applied. By the machine tuning, the instability was suppressed, and the 203 bunches mode in the 7th cycle was operated as before. Table 2 summarizes the beam parameters of the storage ring. Energy [GeV] 8 Number of buckets 2436 Tunes ( / ) ν x ν y 41.14 / 19.34 Current [mA]: 100 Bunch length ( ) [psec] σ 13 Horizontal emittance [nm • rad] 2.4 * Vertical emittance [pm • rad] 4.8 * Coupling [%] 0.2 RF Voltage [MV] 14.4 * * ~ 16 Momentum acceptance [%] Beam size ( σ x / σ y ) * [ μ m] Long ID section 333 / 7 ID section 316 / 5 BM1 section 94 / 12 3.2 ( ~ 256 MeV) BM2 section 100 / 12 Beam divergence σ x ' σ y ' [ μ rad] Long ID section 8 / 0.7 ID section 9 / 1.0 BM1 section 58 / 0.5 / BM2 section 68 / 0.5 Lifetime [h]: 100 mA (multi-bunch) ~ 250 1 mA (single-bunch) ~ 30 Horizontal dispersion [m]: Long ID section 0.153 ID section 0.146 BM1 section 0.039 BM2 section 0.059 Fast orbit stability (0.1 – 200 Hz) horizontal (rms) ~ 4 ~ 1 vertical (rms) * Assuming 0.2% coupling * * Power saving mode / ) * ( [ μ m]: Table 2. Beam parameters of the SPring-8 storage ring Table 1. Operation modes in FY2016 203 bunches 4 bunch-train × 84 11 bunch-train × 29 1/7-filling + 5 single bunches 2/29-filling + 26 single bunches 1/14-filling + 12 single bunches 4/58-filling + 53 single bunches Single bunch current (mA) Share of operation time (%) 24.9 8.1 25.4 9.2 3.5 8.7 0.0 3 1.4 1.6 1 11/29-filling + 1 single bunch 20.2 5 Fig. 1. Operation statistics for most recent five fiscal years. 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Tuning Refill Down Time User Time 5078.8 4330.0 5099.3 5063.1 4265.5 5080.7 883.8 898.0 1019.3 5.2 3.5 5.1 39.2 20.0 17.1 107.7 213.0 163.2 4155.6 3408.5 4057.8 4200.0 3432.0 4080.0 98.9 99.3 99.5 4817.9 4804.8 767.2 5.3 16.8 202.8 4033.9 4056.0 99.5 FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 4951.7 4941.1 803.1 3.4 23.1 229.2 4125.5 4152.0 99.4 FY2016 Hours Refill Down Time Achieved User Time Planning User Time Availability (%) Accelerator Operation Time Storage Ring Operation Time Tuning & Study (Acc. & BL) Mean Time Between Failures Research Frontiers 2016 Research Frontiers 2016 Research Frontiers 2016 Research Frontiers 2016 117 universities, research institutes, private companies and consortiums, are called contract beamlines and are exclusively used by the contractors for their own research purposes. At present, 19 contract beamlines are in operation. The contract beamlines include the NSRRC BM (BL12B2) and NSRRC ID (BL12XU) beamlines, which were constructed by the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center of Taiwan. The beamlines constructed by RIKEN except for public beamlines are called RIKEN beamlines, and are mainly used for RIKEN's own research activities, with partial availability for public use. RIKEN is now operating 11 beamlines and is reconstructing one beamline. To illustrate the beamline portfolio of SPring-8, a beamline map is shown in Fig. 2 together with the beamline classification. The research fields of beamlines are presented in Table 3 . Beamline Bending Magnets X-ray Undulator Soft X-ray Undulator Wiggler BL: B1, B2: XU: SU: W: IR: LEP: LXU: LSU: Infrared Radiation Laser-Electron Photon Long-length X-ray Undulator Long-length Soft X-ray Undulator WEBRAM: NSRRC: Wide Energy Range Beamline for Research in Advanced Materials National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Taiwan RISING: Research & Development Initiative for Scientific Innovation of New Generation Batteries : Contract Beamlines : RIKEN Beamlines : Public Beamlines : Planned or Under Construction Main Bldg. Powder Diffraction BL02B2 RIKEN Coherent X-ray Optics RIKEN Structural Genomics II RIKEN Targeted Proteins RIKEN Structural Genomics I BL29XU BL32XU BL26B2 BL26B1 Soft X-ray Spectroscopy of Solid BL25SU Hyogo ID BL24XU JAEA Actinide Science II BL23SU JAEA Actinide Science I BL22XU RIKEN Structural Biology I RIKEN Materials Science Engineering Science Research III Soft X-ray Photochemistry Magnetic Materials Structural Biology III High Flux Structural Biology II Structural Biology I White Beam X-ray Diffraction RIKEN Quantum NanoDynamics High Resolution lnelastic Scattering Trace Element Analysis XAFS Single Crystal Structure Analysis High Temperature and High Pressure Research RIKEN Diagnosis Beamline I High Energy Inelastic Scattering BL45XU BL44B2 Infrared Materials Science BL43 IR BL46XU BL27SU BL39XU BL38B1 BL35XU BL40XU BL40B2 BL41XU BL28B2 BL43 LXU BL37XU BL01B1 BL02B1 BL04B1 BL05XU BL08W Nuclear Resonant Scattering BL09XU High Pressure Research BL10XU Hyogo BM BL08B2 Advanced Softmaterial (Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University) (Japan Atomic Energy Agency) (Japan Atomic Energy Agency) (The University of Tokyo) (Advanced Softmaterial Beamline Consortium) (National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology) Laser-Electron Photon RIKEN The University-of-Tokyo Outstation Beamline for Materials Science QST Quantum Dynamics I High Energy X-ray Diffraction BL33LEP (TOYOTA Central R&D Labs., Inc.) TOYOTA BL33XU BL32B2 Macromolecular Assemblies (Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University) BL44XU (The University of Electro-Communications) Catalytic Reaction Dynamics for Fuel Cells BL36XU (Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University) Laser-Electron Photon II BL31LEP ( Kyoto University ) RISING II BL28XU RIKEN Diagnosis Beamline II BL38B2 HAXPES • μ CT BL47XU BL07LSU BL11XU Surface and Interface Structures BL13XU ( National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology ) QST Quantum Dynamics II BL14B1 Engineering Science Research II BL14B2 (National Institute for Materials Science) WEBRAM BL15XU (SUNBEAM Consortium) SUNBEAM ID BL16XU (SUNBEAM Consortium) SUNBEAM BM BL16B2 RIKEN Coherent Soft X-ray Spectroscopy BL17SU RIKEN SR Physics BL19LXU Engineering Science Research I BL19B2 Medical and Imaging II BL20XU Medical and Imaging I BL20B2 (National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center) NSRRC ID BL12XU (National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center) NSRRC BM BL12B2 BL04B2 BL03XU (Hyogo Prefecture) (Hyogo Prefecture) Beamline Map • Insertion Device (6 m) • Long Straight Sec. (30 m) • Bending Magnet Total number of beamlines : 62 : 34 ( ) : 4 ( ) : 24 ( ) Fig. 2. Beamline map. Research Frontiers 2016 Research Frontiers 2016 118 Table 3. List of beamlines (First Beam ) or (Oct. 1997) XAFS in wide energy region (3.8 to 113 keV). XAFS of dilute systems and thin films. Quick XAFS with a time resolution of seconds to tens of seconds. (Oct. 1997) XAFS BL01B1 Single Crystal Structure Analysis Charge density study and crystal structure analysis from accurate single crystal diffraction measurements. (X-ray energy range: 8 –115 keV) BL02B1 Charge density study and phase identification of crystalline materials from accurate powder diffraction measurements. (X-ray energy range: 12.4 – 35 keV) (Sept. 1999) Powder Diffraction BL02B2 High temperature and high pressure research with the multi-anvil press by powder X-ray diffraction, radiography and ultrasonic measurement. (Oct. 1997) High Temperature and High Pressure Research BL04B1 Pair distribution function analysis for glass, liquid, and amorphous materials. High-energy X-ray total scattering. Containerless levitation. (Sept. 1999) High Energy X-ray Diffraction BL04B2 Magnetic Compton scattering. High-resolution Compton scattering. High-energy Bragg scattering. High-energy fluorescent X-ray analysis. (Oct. 1997) High Energy Inelastic Scattering BL08W Lattice dynamics using nuclear inelastic scattering. Mössbauer spectroscopy, especially for the surface/interface study and under the extreme conditions. Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). Depth analysis of HAXPES with high flux and energy resolution. (Oct. 1997) Nuclear Resonant Scattering BL09XU Structure analysis and phase transitions under ultra high pressure ( DAC experiment). Earth and planetary science. (Oct. 1997) High Pressure Research BL10XU Atomic-scale structural analysis of surfaces and interfaces of crystalline materials, ultra-thin films, and nanostructures. Surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD). Microbeam diffraction. (Sept. 2001) Surface and Interface Structures BL13XU XAFS in wide energy region (3.8 to 72 keV). XAFS of dilute systems and thin films. (Sept. 2007) Engineering Science Research II BL14B2 Residual stress measurement. Structural analysis of thin film, surface, interface. Powder diffraction. X-ray imaging, X-ray topography. Ultra-small angle X-ray scattering. (Nov. 2001) Engineering Science Research I BL19B2 Microimaging. Hard X-ray microbeam/scanning microscopy, imaging microscopy, microtomography, phase-contrast microtomography X-ray diffraction tomography (XRD-CT), X-ray holography, coherent X-ray optics, and other experiments on X-ray optics and developments of optical elements. Refraction-enhanced imaging, phase-contrast CT. Ultra-small angle scattering. (Sept. 2001) Medical and Imaging II BL20XU Microimaging: microtomography, phase-contrast microtomography with grating interferometer for biological specimen and other kinds of specimen. Evaluation and development of various kinds of optical elements for novel imaging techniques. Large field X-ray topography. (Sept. 1999) Medical and Imaging I BL20B2 Study of electronic state of solids by soft X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (PES) including angle-resolved PES (ARPES). Atomic arrangement analysis of surfaces by photoelectron diffraction (PED) technique using two-dimensional photoemission analyzer. Magnetic state analysis by magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) of soft X-ray absorption and its element-specific magnetization curve measurements. Chemical and magnetic imaging by soft X-ray scanning microscopy and photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM). (Apr. 1998) Soft X-ray Spectroscopy of Solid BL25SU Ambient atmospheric pressure soft X-ray photoabsorption spectroscopy. Chemical state analysis of light elements in dilute samples (NEXAFS). Elemental and chemical mapping using micro soft X-ray beam. Soft X-ray emission spectroscopy for solids. (May 1998) Soft X-ray Photochemistry BL27SU White X-ray diffraction and topography. Time-resolved energy-dispersive XAFS (DXAFS) for studies of chemical and/or physical reaction process. Biomedical imaging and radiation biology studies. High energy X-ray microtomography. (Sept. 1999) White Beam X-ray Diffraction BL28B2 Materials dynamics on ~meV energy scales using inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS). (Sept. 2001) High Resolution Inelastic Scattering BL35XU X-ray microbeam spectrochemical analysis. Ultra trace element analysis. High energy X-ray fluorescence analysis. (Nov. 2002) Trace Element Analysis BL37XU Structural biology. Macromolecular crystallography. Automatic data collection. (Oct. 2000) Structural Biology lll BL38B1 X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopy and element-specific magnetometry under multiple-extreme conditions. XMCD/XAS using a 100 nm focussed X-ray beam. X-ray emission spectroscopy. Resonant X-ray magnetic scattering. (Oct. 1997) Magnetic Materials BL39XU Time-resolved diffraction and scattering experiments. Microbeam X-ray diffraction and scattering experiments. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. Fluorescence analysis. Quick XAFS. Submicrometer-scale single crystal structure analysis with high flux and zone plate focused X-ray beam. Single shot imaging with X-ray choppers. Laser pump-X-ray probe experiment. (Apr. 2000) High Flux BL40XU Noncrystalline small and wide angle X-ray scattering. (Sept. 1999) Structural Biology II BL40B2 Structural biology. Macromolecular crystallography. Microcrystallography. High resolution data collection. (Oct. 1997) Structural Biology l BL41XU Infrared microspectroscopy. (Apr. 2000) Infrared Materials Science BL43IR Structural characterization of thin films by X-ray diffraction and X-ray reflectivity measurement. Residual stress measurement. Time resolved X-ray diffraction measurement. Hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. (Nov. 2000) Engineering Science Research lll BL46XU Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). Depth analysis of angle resolved HAXPES with wide acceptance lens. Projection type microtomography. Imaging type microtomography. Hard X-ray microbeam/scanning microscopy. (Oct. 1997) HAXPES • μ CT BL47XU Public Beamlines BL # Beamline Name Areas of Research and Available Techniques (Public Use ) Research Frontiers 2016 Research Frontiers 2016 Research Frontiers 2016 Research Frontiers 2016 119 BL # Beamline Name ( First Beam ) or ( Public Use ) Contract Beamlines RIKEN Beamlines BL # ( First Beam ) or ( Public Use ) High resolution photoemission spectroscopy. Soft X-ray emission spectroscopy. Soft X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. Soft X-ray microspectroscopy. SR science with highly brilliant X-ray beam. Structural biology research based on single crystal X-ray diffraction. Structural biology research based on single crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray optics, especially coherent X-ray optics. Structural materials science research using powder X-ray diffraction. Time-resolved and static structures of non-crystalline biological materials using small-angle scattering and diffraction techniques. Accelerator beam diagnostics. RIKEN Coherent Soft X-ray Spectroscopy RIKEN SR Physics BL17SU BL19LXU BL26B1 RIKEN Structural Genomics I BL26B2 RIKEN Structural Genomics II BL29XU RIKEN Coherent X-ray Optics Protein microcrystallography. BL32XU RIKEN Targeted Proteins BL44B2 RIKEN Materials Science BL45XU RIKEN Structural Biology I BL38B2 (Sept. 2003) (Oct. 2000) (Apr. 2002) Accelerator beam diagnostics. R&D of accelerator components. Nano-forensic science. BL05XU RIKEN Diagnosis Beamline I RIKEN Diagnosis Beamline II (Mar. 2004) (Apr. 2002) (Dec. 1998) (Oct. 2009) (Feb. 1998) (Jul. 1997) (Sept. 1999) High resolution inelastic X-ray scattering for investigating atomic and electronic dynamics. BL43LXU RIKEN Quantum NanoDynamics (Oct. 2011) XAFS in a wide energy region. Small angle X-ray scattering for structural analyses of polymer and nanocomposite materials. X-ray topography. Imaging. Powder diffraction with a high angular-resolution. BL08B2 Hyogo BM (Hyogo Prefecture) Structural characterization of softmaterials using small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering. Grazing-incidence small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering for thin films. X-ray diffraction and reflectivity measurements for softmaterials. Time-resolved soft X-ray spectroscopy, nano-beam photoemission spectroscopy, ultra high-resolution soft X-ray emission spectroscopy, and any methods requiring the highly brilliant soft X-ray beam. BL03XU Advanced Softmaterial (Advanced Softmaterial Beamline Consortium) BL07LSU The University-of-Tokyo Outstation Beamline for Materials Science (The University of Tokyo) (Jun. 2005) (Nov. 2009) (Oct. 2009) Nuclear scattering. Surface and interface structure analysis with MBE. Inelastic X-ray scattering. XAFS. BL11XU QST Quantum Dynamics I ( National Institutes for Quantum & Radiological Science & Technology ) (Oct. 1998) X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Powder X-ray diffraction. High resolution X-ray scattering. Protein crystallography. BL12B2 NSRRC BM (National Synchrotron Rad. Res. Center) (Oct. 2000) Non-resonant or resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. Hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. BL12XU NSRRC ID (National Synchrotron Rad. Res. Center) (Dec. 2001) Materials science under high-temperature and high-pressure. In situ study on catalysis using dispersive XAFS. X-ray diffraction for structure physics. BL14B1 QST Quantum Dynamics II ( National Institutes for Quantum & Radiological Science & Technology ) (Dec. 1997) Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. High-precision X-ray powder diffraction. BL15XU WEBRAM (National Institute for Materials Science) (Jan. 2000) Characterization of secondary battery related materials, semiconductors, fuel cells, catalysts, and several industrial materials using X-ray absorption fine structure measurements, X-ray diffraction (including X-ray reflectivity technique) and X-ray topography. BL16B2 SUNBEAM BM (SUNBEAM Consortium) (Oct. 1998) Characterization of secondary battery related materials, semiconductors, fuel cells, catalysts, and structural materials using X-ray diffraction, X-ray microbeam based evaluation techniques (including X-ray magnetic circular dichroism), hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and fluorescence X-ray analysis. BL16XU SUNBEAM ID (SUNBEAM Consortium) (Oct. 1998) Materials science under high-pressure. Resonant X-ray scattering. Speckle scattering. Residual stress / strain distribution analysis. Surface chemistry with supersonic molecular beam. Biophysical spectroscopy. Photoelectron spectroscopy. Magnetic circular dichroism. BL22XU JAEA Actinide Science I (Japan Atomic Energy Agency) BL23SU JAEA Actinide Science II (Japan Atomic Energy Agency) (May 2002) (Feb. 1998) Surface/interface analysis for industry by fluorescent X-ray analysis, strain measurements and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. Microbeam formation studies for material and life sciences. Scanning and imaging microscope. Micro-tomography. Micro-XAFS. Microbeam small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering for local structure analysis. Bright field X-ray topography. BL24XU Hyogo ID (Hyogo Prefecture) (May. 1998) Characterization of rechargeable battery reactions and battery related materials by resonance X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XDS), and hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES). BL28XU (Apr. 2012) RISING II (Kyoto University) (Oct. 2013) Production of high intensity GeV photon beam by laser-backward Compton scattering. Hadron physics via photonucleon and photonuclear reactions. Test and calibration of detectors with GeV gamma-ray and converted electrons/positrons. BL31LEP Laser-Electron Photon II (RCNP, Osaka University) Meson photoproduction from nucleon and nucleus. Photoexcitation of hyperons, nucleon resonances, and other exotic states. Photonuclear reactions. Beam diagnoses. Test and calibration of detectors with GeV photon beam. BL33LEP Laser-Electron Photon (RCNP, Osaka University) (Jun. 1999) Time-resolved XAFS. Characterization of industrial materials, such as catalysts, secondary batteries, fuel cells. BL33XU (Apr. 2009) TOYOTA (TOYOTA Central R&D Labs., Inc.) Real time analysis of catalytic reaction dynamics for fuel cells: time resolved XAFS and X-ray diffraction, 2D scanning microscopic XAFS, 3D computed tomography/laminography XAFS, ambient pressure hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. BL36XU Catalytic Reaction Dynamics for Fuel Cells (The University of Electro-Communications) (Jan.2013) Crystal structure analysis of biological macromolecular assemblies (e.g., membrane protein complexes, protein complexes, protein-nucleic acid complexes, and viruses). BL44XU Macromolecular Assemblies (IPR, Osaka University) (May 1999) Areas of Research and Available Techniques Research Frontiers 2016 Research Frontiers 2016 120 IV. User Program and Statistics SPring-8 calls for public use proposals twice a year, in principle. The submitted proposals are reviewed by the SPring-8 Proposal Review Committee (SPring-8 PRC). Since 1997, SPring-8 has accepted a variety of proposals. For the promotion of research on industrial applications at SPring-8, the Industrial Application Division was established in 2005. With consultation support for industrial users provided by the division's coordinators, currently, Industrial Application Proposals account for approximately 1 6 % – 2 0 % o f t h e t o t a l n u m b e r o f p r o p o s a l s conducted at the public beamlines. In addition, the Measurement Service was introduced in 2007B, wherein the personnel of the Industrial Application Division carries out XAFS measurements on behalf of users at BL14B2. SPring-8 also launched a Protein Crystallography Data Collection Service at BL38B1 and a Powder X-ray Diffraction Measurement Service at BL19B2 in 2009B, a Hard X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (HAXPES) Measurement Service and a Thin Film Analysis (GIXD/XRR) Measurement Service at BL46XU in 2012B , and a Small Angle Scattering (SAXS) Measurement Service at BL19B2 in 2014B. In FY2016, JASRI extended the duration of the designation period of the priority field “New Industrial Area Program” for public beamlines, facilitating research and development in new industrial areas toward proposals newly using SPring-8, from the end of 2015B to the end of 2017B. SPring-8 has consistently provided ~4,000 h of user beamtime per year. Since the start of its operation in 1997, SPring-8 has succeeded in providing a total beamtime of 74,925 h to users. The beamtime available to users, the number of experiments conducted, and the number of user visits at the public and contract beamlines are summarized in Fig. 3. Part of the proposals are for proprietary use, for which refereed reports are not required. More details can be found at http://www.spring8. or.jp/en/about_us/spring8data/ . Half-year Research Term Number of Proposals Number of User Visits 1997B 1998A 1999A 1999B 2000A 2000B 2001A 2001B 2002A 2002B 2003A 2003B 2004A 2004B 2005A 2005B 2006A 2006B 2007A 2007B 2009B 2010A 2012A 2011B 2008A 2008B 2009A 2011A 2010B 2013B 2013A 2016B 2016A 2012B 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 2015B 2015A 2014B 2014A Conducted Proposals (Contract Beamline) Conducted Proposals (Public Beamline) Users Fig. 3. Numbers of user visits and conducted experiments. When SPring-8 started operation in 1997, it was jointly managed by RIKEN, JAERI (now JAEA), and JASRI. However, JAERI withdrew from the management of SPring-8 on September 30, 2005. SPring-8 is currently administered by RIKEN and JASRI collaboratively. The total budget for the operation of SPring-8 in FY2016 was 9.6 billion yen . As of October 2016, RIKEN and JASRI had a total of 488 staff members. As of March 2017, the total number of registered refereed papers from SPring-8 was 12 , 743. More details can be found at https://user.spring8.or.jp/uisearch/ publication2/ . V. Research Outcome VI. Budget and Personnel Research Frontiers 2016 Research Frontiers 2016 Research Frontiers 2016 Research Frontiers 2016 121 VII. Research Complex The facilities of SPring-8, SACLA, and NewSUBARU form the Center of Excellence (COE) at the SPring-8 campus where JASRI, public beamline users, the contractors of contract beamlines, RIKEN, and the University of Hyogo work in close cooperation, forming a research complex where each member has their own role in delivering high- quality results to the field of synchrotron radiation science and technology. The organizational charts of RIKEN and JASRI, which are at the center of this research complex, are shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, respectively. XFEL Research and Development Division RSC-University of Hyogo Leading Program Center T. Ishikawa T. Ishikawa S. Hoshino RIKEN SPring-8 Center Director H. Tanaka Deputy Director Harima Branch SPring-8 Center Planning Office S. Goto T. Ishikawa M. Yamamoto Advanced Photon Technology Division H. Tanaka T. Ishikawa Engineering Division T. Ishikawa RIKEN RSC-Rigaku Collaboration Center M. Yamamoto Photon Science Research Division Innovative Light Source Division Harima Safety Center Harima Administrative Division T. Tanaka S. Goto H. Tanaka A. Baron M. Takata K. Yonekura S. Iwata N. Kunishima M. Yamamoto H. Tanaka M. Yabashi S. Goto S. Hoshino K. Yamashita RIKEN Accelerator Research and Development Group Beam Line Research and Development Group Safety Design Group Bio-Specimen Platform Group Research Infrastructure Group Materials Dynamics Lab. Biostructural Mechanism Lab. Materials Visualization Photon Science Group SACLA Science Research Group Advanced X-Ray Laser Lab. Control System and Information Technology Group Diffraction Limited Synchrotron Radiation Design Group Fig. 4. RIKEN Harima Campus chart as of April 2017. Fig. 5. JASRI chart as of April 2017. Planning Office User Administration Div. K. Yagi T. Ohata T. Kinoshita General Administration Div. President : Managing Exec. Director : Y. Doi H. Fujita, A. Yamakawa, R. Tanaka Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) Research Sector Industrial Application Div. Research & Utilization Div. Y. Sakurai K. Uesugi Y. Ohishi M. Sato T. Matsushita S. Kimura T. Uruga Y. Sakurai T. Nakamura T. Uruga S. Takano T. Tanaka T. Watanabe S. Goto K. Takeshita H. Ohashi S. Goto XFEL Utilization Div. T. Hatsui M. Yabashi M. Yabashi Y. Sakurai I. Hirosawa Protein Crystal Analysis Div. T. Kumasaka T. Kumasaka Administration Sector Safety Office Safety H. Hanaki Light Source Div. Beam Dynamics and Monitor Group Spectroscopy Group II Spectroscopy Group I Bio- and Soft-materials Group Materials Structure Group II Materials Structure Group I Control Group Industrial User Support Group Hard X-ray Spectroscopy Group Nanotechnology Research Promotion Group Accelerator Machine Group Insertion Device and Front End Technical Development Group Optics and Transport Channel Group Information-technology Promotion Group Engineering Support Group Y. Tamenori Utilization Frontier R&D Group Advanced Measurement & Analysis Group Advanced Light Source & Optics Res. Group Structure Analysis Promotion Group Information-technology Promotion Div. T. Matsushita Research Frontiers 2016 Research Frontiers 2016 122 VIII. Users Societies and Other Activities SPring-8 Users Community (SPRUC) Young Scientist Award Prof. J. Mizuki, Dr. H. Kato, Dr. Y. Hayashi, and Prof. A. Nakagawa SPring-8 Symposium 2016 The SPring-8 Users Community (SPRUC) is a user society that includes not only all users but also potential users who are interested in using SPring-8. In addition to these individuals, representative organizations comprising about 25 institutes (principal universities, national/international research institutes, industries, beamline consortiums) participate in SPRUC to discuss further promotion of the utilization of SPring-8 from strategic and perspective viewpoints. As one of the key activities of SPRUC, the SPring-8 Symposium is held annually at the site of one of the representing organizations jointly with RIKEN and JASRI. SPring-8 Symposium 2016, with the theme "Environmental and Energy Issues Addressed by Synchrotron Radiation Research," was held at Kwansei Gakuin University on August 29 and 30, 2016, with 331 participants. SPRUC provides the Young Scientist Award to recognize notable achievements in the development of a new experimental technique or a new method for data analysis, or remarkable results in the studied field obtained by making use of the characteristic features of SPring-8. The award ceremony and award lecture were held at the SPring-8 Symposium. The SPRUC 2016 Young Scientist Award was conferred to two young scientists (Dr. Hideaki Kato, Stanford University, USA, and Dr. Yujiro Hayashi, TOYOTA Central R&D LABS., INC). SPring-8 Symposium 2017 is scheduled to be held on September 4 and 5 at Hiroshima University. SPRUC has continued to promote the activities of "SPRUC multidisciplinary research groups" in order to develop the use of SPring-8 in the new areas that will be important to future science and technology. Four multidisciplinary research fields were designated in accordance with comprehensive advice from the advisors of the SPRUC research groups in 2014. Two multidisciplinary research groups for nanodevice science and application were launched in 2015, and they made innovative use of SPring-8 through organic collaboration with JASRI and RIKEN this year. The other two groups are now gearing up to start at a different timing from the preceding research groups. In addition, 3rd Term Research Groups actively organized each workshop in FY2016. In order to discuss medium- and long-term plans for the future performance of detectors and measurement systems, a SPRUC working group on high-performance beamline technologies was launched on December 1, and their 1st meeting was held on December 23, 2016. Research Frontiers 2016 Research Frontiers 2016 123 To unearth new users in unexplored fields of application, SPring-8 holds various serialized seminars named “Workshop on Advanced Techniques and Applications at SPring-8ˮ. Here are some representatives. Other Activities w The new techniques of cultural heritage analysis June 4, 2016 • Nara University (Nara) w Innovation from SPring-8 for the future June 7, 2016 • Campus Plaza Kyoto (Kyoto) w Complementary utilization of Aichi-SR and SPring-8 in the industrial field (Co-hosted by Aichi Synchrotron Radiation Center) October 25, 2016 • WINK AICHI (Nagoya) w Present status of advanced measurement techniques at SPring-8 public beamlines February 2–3, 2017 • Akihabara UDX (Tokyo) w Meeting on the next generation advanced device (Co-hosted by Industrial Users Society of SPring-8) March 21, 2017 • AP Shinagawa (Tokyo) w Seminars on complementary utilization of X-ray and neutron: Observation of the internal structure with quantum beams (Co-hosted by Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society: CROSS) February 17, 2017 • Kenkyusha English Center Building (Tokyo)
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