Research Frontiers 2016 Research Frontiers 2016 124 Our fifth year of operations proceeded without any significant issues. Operation statistics are summarized in Table 1. The ratio of downtime to user time was kept below 4%, a reasonably low rate for linac-based light sources. In 2012, two beamlines, BL3 for XFEL and BL1 for broadband spontaneous light, were open for users, while all experiments were conducted with BL3. As the newest beamline, construction of BL2 was completed during the summer shutdown of 2014, and first laser amplification was achieved on October 21. An upgraded beamline for soft X-ray FEL, BL1, which combines the prototype accelerator of SACLA (SCSS), started operation in 2016. For more details, please refer to SACLA Beam Performance in this volume. SACLA calls for public user proposals twice per year. Proposals fall into two categories: General Proposals for general research with no specific research theme, while Priority Strategy Proposals are on strategic themes that are designated by the national policy. Currently there are two strategic themes: Hierarchical Structure Dynamics of Biomolecules and Pico/Femto Second Dynamic Imaging. Table 2 shows the research themes for each group. In FY2016, JASRI introduced the proprietary research of General Proposals and the Proprietary Time-Designated Proposals. The project leaders of these proprietary proposals are not required to publish their research results, but required to pay each beamtime fee. In addition, to apply for the proprietary research the project leaders should be affiliated with a corporate enterprise located and registered in Japan. SACLA I. Introduction II. Machine Operation & Beamlines III. User Program and Statistics Total operation time 5861 User time 4026 Facility tuning time Study time Downtime 710 1749 130 Time (h) 1. Hierarchical Structure Dynamics of Biomolecules 2. Pico/Femto Second Dynamic Imaging 1-1 Structural Analysis of Drug-targeted Membrane Protein Nanocrystals 1-2 Imaging of Whole Cell and Its Components in the Living State 1-3 Single Molecule Structural Analysis of Supramolecular Complex 1-4 Dynamics Research Combining Single Molecule X-ray Diffraction Experiments and Supercomputer Analysis 1-5 Dynamic Structural Analysis Using Pump-Probe Techniques 2-5 Dynamic X-ray Spectroscopy 2-4 Ultrafast Processes under Extreme Conditions 2-3 Charge Generation/Charge Transfer Dynamics 2-2 Ultrafast Interface Reaction Processes 2-1 Gas-Phase/Liquid-Phase/Solid-Phase Reaction Dynamics SACLA is the world’s second X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL), following the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) in the US. Currently, these are the only two XFELs in operation. SACLA delivers the shortest wavelength XFEL. SACLA achieved its first lasing on June 7, 2011, within three months of electron beam commissioning, and launched user operations in 2012A. Since then, we have operated SACLA in five years with reasonable stability and reliability. Table 1 . Operation Statistics for FY2016 Table 2 . Research themes for each group Research Frontiers 2016 Research Frontiers 2016 Research Frontiers 2016 Research Frontiers 2016 125 As of March 2017, the total number of registered refereed papers from SACLA was 316 many of which were published in high-impact journals. More details can be found at https://user. spring8.or.jp/uisearch/ publication2/ . 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Number of Proposals Research Term 2012A 2012B 2013A 2013B 2014A 2016A 2016B 2015A 2014B 2015B Proposals Submitted Proposals Approved/Carried Out Fig. 2 Half-year Research Term 2012A 2012B 2013B 2013A 2014B 2014A 55 49 59 25 27 24 30 28 29 297 461 268 410 400 430 126 154 117 139 147 140 68 49 70 2015A 33 527 144 66 2015B 35 (12) (19) (15) (19) (20) (17) (23) (23) (13) (8) (9) (11) (8) (12) (10) (12) 552 152 63 One shift = 12 hours at SACLA beamlines 2016A 34 (21) (12) 538 158 65 2016B 43 (21) (20) 650 197 86 Proposals Submitted Cumulative Users Beamtime Carried Out (Shifts) Proposals Approved / Carried Out (Priority Strategy Proposals) (General Proposals) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Proposals Approve d/Carried Out Research Term 2012A 2012B 2013A 2013B 2014A 2016A 2016B 2014B 2015A 2015B Foreign Industry National or Public Research Institute University or Other Educational Institute Fig. 1 IV. Research Outcome Table 3 . Number of proposals submitted, proposals approved/carried out, cumulative users , and beamtime available by research term Table 3, Figs. 1 and 2 provide statistics on proposals, users, and beamtime.
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