Research Frontiers 2017 Research Frontiers 2017 105 III. Beamlines The SPring-8 storage ring can accommodate up to 62 beamlines: 34 insertion devices, 4 long undulators, and 24 bending magnets. At present, 57 beamlines are in operation, covering a wide variety of research fields involving synchrotron radiation science and technology. The beamlines are classified into the following three types. (1) Public Beamlines (26 beamlines operating) (2) Contract Beamlines (19 beamlines operating) (3) RIKEN Beamlines (12 beamlines operating) There are now 26 public beamlines in full operation. The beamlines that are proposed and constructed by external organizations, such as universities, research institutes, private companies and consortiums, are called contract beamlines and are exclusively used by the contractors for their own research purposes. At present, 19 contract beamlines are in operation. The beamlines constructed by RIKEN except for public beamlines are called RIKEN beamlines, and are mainly used for RIKEN's own research activities, with partial availability for public use. RIKEN is now operating 12 beamlines. Fig. 1. Operation statistics for most recent five fiscal years. Table 1. Operation modes in FY2017 Table 2. Beam parameters of SPring-8 storage ring 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Tuning Refill Down Time User Time Hours 4330.0 4265.4 898.0 3.5 20.0 213.0 3408.5 3432.0 99.3 5099.3 5080.7 1019.3 5.1 17.1 163.2 4057.8 4080.0 99.5 4817.9 4804.8 767.2 202.8 4033.9 4056.0 5281.6 5270.4 769.6 4.6 28.7 194.7 4478.7 4512.0 99.3 4951.7 4941.1 803.1 23.1 229.2 4125.5 4152.0 99.4 99.5 5.3 16.8 3.4 Refill Down Time Achieved User Time Planning User Time Availability (%) Accelerator Operation Time Storage Ring Operation Time Tuning & Study (Acc. & BL) Mean Time Between Failures FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 203 bunches 4 bunch-train × 84 11 bunch-train × 29 1/7-filling + 5 single bunches 2/29-filling + 26 single bunches 1/14-filling + 12 single bunches 4/58-filling + 53 single bunches Single bunch current (mA) Share of operation time (%) 18.1 7.4 20.7 8.0 3.2 14.4 6.4 3 1.4 1.6 1 11/29-filling + 1 single bunch 21.8 5 Energy [GeV] 8 Number of buckets 2436 Tunes ( / ) ν x ν y 41.14 / 19.34 Current [mA]: Bunch length ( ) [psec] σ 13 Horizontal emittance [nm • rad] 2.4 * single bunch 12 multi bunch 100 Vertical emittance [pm • rad] 4.8 * +2 / +2 * * * Coupling [%] 0.2 RF Voltage [MV] 14.4 * * ~ 16 Momentum acceptance [%] Beam size ( σ x / σ y )* [ μ m] Long ID section 333 / 7 ID section 316 / 5 BM1 section 94 / 12 3.2 ( ~ 256 MeV) BM2 section 100 / 12 Beam divergence ( σ x ' / σ y ' )* [ μ rad] Long ID section 8 / 0.7 ID section 9 / 1.0 BM1 section 58 / 0.5 BM2 section 68 / 0.5 Lifetime [hr]: Operational chromaticities ( ξ x / ξ y ) 100 mA (multi bunch) ~ 250 1 mA (single bunch) ~ 30 Horizontal dispersion [m]: Long ID section 0.153 ID section 0.146 BM1 section 0.039 BM2 section 0.059 Fast orbit stability (0.1 – 200 Hz) [ μ m] horizontal (rms) ~ 4 ~ 1 vertical (rms) * Assuming 0.2% coupling * * Power saving mode * * * With bunch-by-bunch feedback Research Frontiers 2017 Research Frontiers 2017 106 To illustrate the beamline portfolio of SPring-8, a beamline map is shown in Fig. 2 together with the beamline classification. The research fields of each beamline are presented in Table 3. Fig. 2. Beamline map. Main Bldg. Powder Diffraction RIKEN Diagnosis Beamline II BL38B2 BL02B2 RIKEN Coherent X-ray Optics RIKEN Structural Genomics II RIKEN Targeted Proteins RIKEN Structural Genomics I BL29XU BL32XU BL26B2 BL26B1 Soft X-ray Spectroscopy of Solid BL25SU Hyogo ID BL24XU JAEA Actinide Science II BL23SU JAEA Actinide Science I BL22XU RIKEN Structural Biology I RIKEN Materials Science Engineering Science Research III Soft X-ray Photochemistry Magnetic Materials Structural Biology III High Flux Structural Biology II Structural Biology I White Beam X-ray Diffraction RIKEN Quantum NanoDynamics High Resolution lnelastic Scattering Trace Element Analysis XAFS Single Crystal Structure Analysis High Temperature and High Pressure Research RIKEN Diagnosis Beamline I High Energy Inelastic Scattering BL45XU BL44B2 Infrared Materials Science BL43 IR BL46XU BL27SU BL39XU BL38B1 BL35XU BL40XU BL40B2 BL41XU BL28B2 BL43 LXU BL37XU BL01B1 BL02B1 BL04B1 BL05XU BL08W Nuclear Resonant Scattering BL09XU High Pressure Research BL10XU Hyogo BM BL08B2 Advanced Softmaterial (Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University) (Japan Atomic Energy Agency) (Japan Atomic Energy Agency) (The University of Tokyo) (Advanced Softmaterial Beamline Consortium) (National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology) Laser-Electron Photon RIKEN The University-of-Tokyo Outstation Beamline for Materials Science QST Quantum Dynamics I High Energy X-ray Diffraction BL33LEP (TOYOTA Central R&D Labs., Inc.) TOYOTA BL33XU BL32B2 Macromolecular Assemblies (Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University) BL44XU (The University of Electro-Communications) Catalytic Reaction Dynamics for Fuel Cells BL36XU (Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University) Laser-Electron Photon II BL31LEP ( Kyoto University ) RISING II BL28XU HAXPES•μCT BL47XU BL07LSU BL11XU Surface and Interface Structures BL13XU ( National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology ) QST Quantum Dynamics II BL14B1 Engineering Science Research II BL14B2 (National Institute for Materials Science) WEBRAM BL15XU (SUNBEAM Consortium) SUNBEAM ID BL16XU (SUNBEAM Consortium) SUNBEAM BM BL16B2 RIKEN Coherent Soft X-ray Spectroscopy BL17SU RIKEN SR Physics BL19LXU Engineering Science Research I BL19B2 Medical and Imaging II BL20XU Medical and Imaging I BL20B2 (National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center) NSRRC ID BL12XU (National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center) NSRRC BM BL12B2 BL04B2 BL03XU (Hyogo Prefecture) (Hyogo Prefecture) Beamline Map • Insertion Device (6 m) • Long Straight Sec. (30 m) • Bending Magnet Total number of beamlines : 62 : 34 ( ) : 4 ( ) : 24 ( ) Beamline Bending Magnets X-ray Undulator Soft X-ray Undulator Wiggler BL: B1, B2: XU: SU: W: IR: LEP: LXU: LSU: Infrared Radiation Laser-Electron Photon Long-length X-ray Undulator Long-length Soft X-ray Undulator WEBRAM: NSRRC: Wide Energy Range Beamline for Research in Advanced Materials National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Taiwan RISING: Research & Development Initiative for Scientific Innovation of New Generation Batteries : Contract Beamlines : RIKEN Beamlines : Public Beamlines Research Frontiers 2017 Research Frontiers 2017 107 Table 3. List of beamlines ( First Beam ) or (Oct. 1997) XAFS in wide energy region (3.8 to 113 keV). XAFS of dilute systems and thin films. Quick XAFS with a time resolution of seconds to tens of seconds. (Oct. 1997) XAFS BL01B1 Single Crystal Structure Analysis Charge density study and crystal structure analysis from accurate single crystal X-ray diffraction. (X-ray energy range: 8 –115 keV) BL02B1 Charge density study and phase identification of crystalline materials from accurate powder diffraction measurements. (X-ray energy range: 12.4 – 35 keV) (Sept. 1999) Powder Diffraction BL02B2 High temperature and high pressure research with the multi-anvil press by powder X-ray diffraction, radiography and ultrasonic measurement. (Oct. 1997) High Temperature and High Pressure Research BL04B1 Pair distribution function analysis for glass, liquid, and amorphous materials. High-energy X-ray total scattering. Containerless levitation. (Sept. 1999) High Energy X-ray Diffraction BL04B2 Magnetic Compton scattering. High-resolution Compton scattering. High-energy Bragg scattering. High-energy fluorescent X-ray analysis. (Oct. 1997) High Energy Inelastic Scattering BL08W Lattice dynamics using nuclear inelastic scattering. Mössbauer spectroscopy, especially for the surface/interface study and under the extreme conditions. Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). Depth analysis of HAXPES with high flux and energy resolution. (Oct. 1997) Nuclear Resonant Scattering BL09XU Structure analysis and phase transitions under ultra high pressure ( DAC experiment). Earth and planetary science. (Oct. 1997) High Pressure Research BL10XU Atomic-scale structural analysis of surfaces and interfaces of crystalline materials, ultra-thin films, and nanostructures. Surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD). Microbeam diffraction. (Sept. 2001) Surface and Interface Structures BL13XU X-ray Imaging. XAFS in wide energy region (3.8 to 72 keV). XAFS of dilute systems and thin films. (Sept. 2007) Engineering Science Research II BL14B2 Residual stress measurement. Structural analysis of thin film, surface, interface. Powder diffraction. X-ray imaging, X-ray topography. Ultra-small angle X-ray scattering. (Nov. 2001) Engineering Science Research I BL19B2 Microimaging. Micro- /nano-tomography, phase-contrast microtomography, X-ray diffraction tomography (XRD-CT), hard X-ray microbeam/scanning microscopy, imaging microscopy, microtomography, phase-contrast microtomography X-ray diffraction tomography (XRD-CT), X-ray holography, coherent X-ray optics, and other experiments on X-ray optics and developments of optical elements. Refraction-enhanced imaging, phase-contrast CT. Ultra-small angle scattering. (Sept. 2001) Medical and Imaging II BL20XU Microimaging: microtomography, phase-contrast microtomography with grating interferometer for biological specimen and other kinds of specimen. Evaluation and development of various kinds of optical elements for novel imaging techniques. Large field X-ray topography. (Sept. 1999) Medical and Imaging I BL20B2 Study of electronic state of solids by soft X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (PES) including angle-resolved PES (ARPES). Atomic arrangement analysis of surfaces by photoelectron diffraction (PED) technique using two-dimensional photoemission analyzer. Magnetic state analysis by magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) of soft X-ray absorption and its element-specific magnetization curve measurements. Chemical and magnetic imaging by soft X-ray scanning microscopy and photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM). (Apr. 1998) Soft X-ray Spectroscopy of Solid BL25SU Ambient atmospheric pressure soft X-ray photoabsorption spectroscopy. Chemical state analysis of light elements in dilute samples (NEXAFS). Elemental and chemical mapping using micro soft X-ray beam. Soft X-ray emission spectroscopy for solids. (May 1998) Soft X-ray Photochemistry BL27SU White X-ray diffraction and topography. Time-resolved energy-dispersive XAFS (DXAFS) for studies of chemical and/or physical reaction process. Biomedical imaging and radiation biology studies. High energy X-ray microtomography. (Sept. 1999) White Beam X-ray Diffraction BL28B2 Materials dynamics on ~meV energy scales using inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS). (Sept. 2001) High Resolution Inelastic Scattering BL35XU X-ray microbeam spectrochemical analysis. Ultra trace element analysis. High energy X-ray fluorescence analysis. (Nov. 2002) Trace Element Analysis BL37XU Structural biology. Macromolecular crystallography. Automatic data collection. (Oct. 2000) Structural Biology lll BL38B1 X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopy and element-specific magnetometry under multiple-extreme conditions. XMCD/XAS using a 100 nm focussed X-ray beam. X-ray emission spectroscopy. Resonant X-ray magnetic scattering. (Oct. 1997) Magnetic Materials BL39XU Time-resolved diffraction and scattering experiments. Microbeam X-ray diffraction and scattering experiments. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. Fluorescence analysis. Quick XAFS. Submicrometer-scale single crystal structure analysis with high flux and zone plate focused X-ray beam. Single shot imaging with X-ray choppers. Laser pump-X-ray probe experiment. (Apr. 2000) High Flux BL40XU Noncrystalline small and wide angle X-ray scattering. (Sept. 1999) Structural Biology II BL40B2 Structural biology. Macromolecular crystallography. Microcrystallography. High resolution data collection. (Oct. 1997) Structural Biology l BL41XU Infrared microspectroscopy. (Apr. 2000) Infrared Materials Science BL43IR Structural characterization of thin films by X-ray diffraction and X-ray reflectivity measurement. Residual stress measurement. Time resolved X-ray diffraction measurement. Hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. (Nov. 2000) Engineering Science Research lll BL46XU Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). Depth analysis of angle resolved HAXPES with wide acceptance lens. Projection type microtomography. Imaging type microtomography. Hard X-ray microbeam/scanning microscopy. (Oct. 1997) HAXPES • μ CT BL47XU Public Beamlines BL # Beamline Name Areas of Research and Available Techniques (Public Use ) Research Frontiers 2017 Research Frontiers 2017 108 BL # Beamline Name ( First Beam ) or ( Public Use ) Contract Beamlines RIKEN Beamlines BL # ( First Beam ) or ( Public Use ) High resolution photoemission spectroscopy. Soft X-ray emission spectroscopy. Soft X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. Soft X-ray microspectroscopy. SR science with highly brilliant X-ray beam. Structural biology research based on single crystal X-ray diffraction. Structural biology research based on single crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray optics, especially coherent X-ray optics. Structural materials science research using powder X-ray diffraction. Time-resolved and static structures of non-crystalline biological materials using small-angle scattering and diffraction techniques. Accelerator beam diagnostics. RIKEN Coherent Soft X-ray Spectroscopy RIKEN SR Physics BL17SU BL19LXU BL26B1 RIKEN Structural Genomics I BL26B2 RIKEN Structural Genomics II BL29XU RIKEN Coherent X-ray Optics Protein microcrystallography. BL32XU RIKEN Targeted Proteins BL44B2 RIKEN Materials Science BL45XU RIKEN Structural Biology I BL38B2 (Sept. 2003) (Oct. 2000) (Apr. 2002) Accelerator beam diagnostics. R&D of accelerator components. BL05XU RIKEN Diagnosis Beamline I RIKEN Diagnosis Beamline II (Mar. 2004) (Apr. 2002) (Dec. 1998) (Oct. 2009) (Feb. 1998) (Jul. 1997) (Sept. 1999) High resolution inelastic X-ray scattering for investigating atomic and electronic dynamics. BL43LXU RIKEN Quantum NanoDynamics (Oct. 2011) XAFS in a wide energy region. Small angle X-ray scattering for structural analyses of polymer and nanocomposite materials. X-ray topography. Imaging. Powder diffraction with a high angular-resolution. BL08B2 Hyogo BM (Hyogo Prefecture) Structural characterization of softmaterials using small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering. Grazing-incidence small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering for thin films. X-ray diffraction and reflectivity measurements for softmaterials. Time-resolved soft X-ray spectroscopy, nano-beam photoemission spectroscopy, ultra high-resolution soft X-ray emission spectroscopy, and any methods requiring the highly brilliant soft X-ray beam. BL03XU Advanced Softmaterial (Advanced Softmaterial Beamline Consortium) BL07LSU The University-of-Tokyo Outstation Beamline for Materials Science (The University of Tokyo) (Jun. 2005) (Nov. 2009) (Oct. 2009) Synchrotron radiation Mössbauer spectroscopy. XAFS. Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy. In situ X-ray diffraction during molecular-beam epitaxial growth. BL11XU QST Quantum Dynamics I ( National Institutes for Quantum & Radiological Science & Technology ) (Oct. 1998) X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Powder X-ray diffraction. High resolution X-ray scattering. Protein crystallography. BL12B2 NSRRC BM (National Synchrotron Rad. Res. Center) (Oct. 2000) Non-resonant or resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. Hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. BL12XU NSRRC ID (National Synchrotron Rad. Res. Center) (Dec. 2001) Materials science under high-temperature and high-pressure, Energy-dispersive XAFS. X-ray diffraction for surface structure analyses. BL14B1 QST Quantum Dynamics II ( National Institutes for Quantum & Radiological Science & Technology ) (Dec. 1997) Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. High-precision X-ray powder diffraction. BL15XU WEBRAM (National Institute for Materials Science) (Jan. 2000) Characterization of secondary battery related materials, semiconductors, fuel cells, catalysts, and several industrial materials using X-ray absorption fine structure measurements, X-ray diffraction (including X-ray reflectivity technique) and X-ray topography. BL16B2 SUNBEAM BM (SUNBEAM Consortium) (Oct. 1998) Characterization of secondary battery related materials, semiconductors, fuel cells, catalysts, and structural materials using X-ray diffraction, X-ray microbeam based evaluation techniques (including X-ray magnetic circular dichroism), hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and fluorescence X-ray analysis. BL16XU SUNBEAM ID (SUNBEAM Consortium) (Oct. 1998) Materials science under high-pressure. Resonant X-ray scattering. Speckle scattering. Residual stress / strain distribution analysis. Surface chemistry with supersonic molecular beam. Biophysical spectroscopy. Photoelectron spectroscopy. Magnetic circular dichroism. BL22XU JAEA Actinide Science I (Japan Atomic Energy Agency) BL23SU JAEA Actinide Science II (Japan Atomic Energy Agency) (May 2002) (Feb. 1998) Surface/interface analysis for industry by fluorescent X-ray analysis, strain measurements and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. Microbeam formation studies for material and life sciences. Scanning and imaging microscope. Micro-tomography. Micro-XAFS. Microbeam small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering for local structure analysis. Bright field X-ray topography. Near-ambient pressure hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 2016 Bright-field X-ray topography under multiple-beam diffraction condition. BL24XU Hyogo ID (Hyogo Prefecture) (May. 1998) Characterization of rechargeable battery reactions and battery related materials by resonance X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XDS), and hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES). BL28XU (Apr. 2012) RISING II (Kyoto University) (Oct. 2013) Production of high intensity GeV photon beam by laser-backward Compton scattering. Hadron physics via photonucleon and photonuclear reactions. Test and calibration of detectors with GeV gamma-ray and converted electrons/positrons. BL31LEP Laser-Electron Photon II (RCNP, Osaka University) Meson photoproduction from nucleon and nucleus. Photoexcitation of hyperons, nucleon resonances, and other exotic states. Photonuclear reactions. Beam diagnoses. Test and calibration of detectors with GeV photon beam. BL33LEP Laser-Electron Photon (RCNP, Osaka University) (Jun. 1999) Time-resolved XAFS. Characterization of industrial materials, such as catalysts, secondary batteries, fuel cells. BL33XU (Apr. 2009) TOYOTA (TOYOTA Central R&D Labs., Inc.) Real time analysis of catalytic reaction dynamics for fuel cells: time resolved XAFS and X-ray diffraction, 2D scanning microscopic XAFS, 3D computed tomography/laminography XAFS, ambient pressure hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. BL36XU Catalytic Reaction Dynamics for Fuel Cells (The University of Electro-Communications) (Jan.2013) Crystal structure analysis of biological macromolecular assemblies (e.g., membrane protein complexes, protein complexes, protein-nucleic acid complexes, and viruses). BL44XU Macromolecular Assemblies (IPR, Osaka University) (May 1999) Areas of Research and Available Techniques
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