Research Frontiers 2021 Research Frontiers 2021 117 T he SPring-8 storage ring can accommodate up to 62 beamlines: 34 insertion devices, 4 long undulators, and 24 bending magnets. At present, 57 beamlines are in operation, covering a wide variety of research fields involving synchrotron radiation science and technology. The beamlines are classifi ed into the following three types. (1) Public Beamlines (26 beamlines operating), (2) Contract Beamlines (17 beamlines operating), and (3) RIKEN Beamlines (14 beamlines operating). There are now 26 public beamlines in full operation. The beamlines that have been proposed and constructed by external organizations, such as universities, research institutes, private companies and consortiums, are called contract beamlines, which are used exclusively by the contractors for their own research purposes. At present, 17 contract beamlines are in operation. The beamlines constructed by RIKEN or transferred to RIKEN, except for public beamlines, are called RIKEN beamlines, which are mainly used for RIKEN's own research activities, with partial availability for public use. RIKEN is now operating 14 beamlines. To illustrate the beamline portfolio of SPring-8, a beamline map is shown in Fig. 2 together with the beamline classification. The research fi elds of each beamline are presented in Table 3. III. Beamlines Fig. 2. Beamline map. Beamline Bending Magnets X-ray Undulator Soft X-ray Undulator Wiggler BL: B1, B2: XU: SU: W: IR: LEP: LXU: LSU: Infrared Radiation Laser-Electron Photon Long-length X-ray Undulator Long-length Soft X-ray Undulator NSRRC: National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Taiwan : Contract Beamlines : RIKEN Beamlines : Public Beamlines : Under removal work Main Bldg. Powder Diffraction Diagnosis Beamline BL38B2 BL02B2 RIKEN Coherent X-ray Optics RIKEN Structural Genomics II RIKEN Targeted Proteins RIKEN Structural Genomics I BL29XU BL32XU BL26B2 BL26B1 Soft X-ray Spectroscopy of Solid BL25SU Hyogo ID BL24XU BL23SU JAEA Actinide Science I BL22XU Macromolecular Crystallography II RIKEN Materials Science I HAXPES II Soft X-ray Photochemistry Magnetic Materials RIKEN Structural Biology I High Flux SAXS BM Macromolecular Crystallography I White Beam X-ray Diffraction RIKEN Quantum NanoDynamics Inelastic and Nuclear Resonant Scattering Trace Element Analysis XAFS I Single Crystal Structure Analysis High Temperature and High Pressure Research R&D-ID High Energy Inelastic Scattering BL45XU BL44B2 Infrared Materials Science BL43 IR BL46XU BL27SU BL39XU BL38B1 BL35XU BL40XU BL40B2 BL41XU BL28B2 BL43 LXU BL37XU BL01B1 BL02B1 BL04B1 BL05XU BL08W HAXPES I BL09XU High Pressure Research BL10XU Hyogo BM BL08B2 Advanced Softmaterial (Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University) (Japan Atomic Energy Agency) (The University of Tokyo) (Advanced Softmaterial Beamline Consortium) (National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology) (National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology) Laser-Electron Photon R&D-BM The University-of-Tokyo Outstation Beamline for Materials Science QST Quantum Dynamics I High Energy X-ray Diffraction BL33LEP (TOYOTA Central R&D Labs., Inc.) TOYOTA BL33XU BL32B2 Macromolecular Assemblies (Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University) BL44XU RIKEN Materials Science II BL36XU (Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University) Laser-Electron Photon II BL31LEP ( Kyoto University ) Advanced Batteries BL28XU Micro-CT BL47XU BL07LSU BL11XU X-ray Diffraction and Scattering I BL13XU QST Quantum Dynamics II BL14B1 XAFS II BL14B2 RIKEN Materials Science III BL15XU (SUNBEAM Consortium) SUNBEAM ID BL16XU (SUNBEAM Consortium) SUNBEAM BM BL16B2 RIKEN Coherent Soft X-ray Spectroscopy BL17SU RIKEN SR Physics BL19LXU X-ray Diffraction and Scattering II BL19B2 Medical and Imaging II BL20XU Medical and Imaging I BL20B2 (National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center) NSRRC ID BL12XU (National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center) NSRRC BM BL12B2 BL04B2 BL03XU (Hyogo Prefecture) (Hyogo Prefecture) Beamline Map • Insertion Device (6 m) • Long Straight Sec. (30 m) • Bending Magnet Total number of beamlines : 62 : 34 ( ) : 4 ( ) : 24 ( ) JAEA Actinide Science II (Japan Atomic Energy Agency) Research Frontiers 2021 Research Frontiers 2021 118 Table 3. List of beamlines ( First Beam ) or as of April 2022 Public Beamlines BL # Beamline Name Areas of Research and Available Techniques ( Public Use ) (Oct. 1997) Wide energy range (3.8 –113 keV), XAFS of dilute systems and thin films, time-resolved XAFS by quick scan (time-resolved QXAFS), depth-resolved XAFS. XAFS at low and high temperatures. Simultaneous XAFS and XRD measurements. Simultaneous XAFS and IR measurements. (Oct. 1997) XAFS BL01B1 Single Crystal Structure Analysis Charge density study using high energy X-ray. In situ single crystal experiments. Microcrystal structure analysis. BL02B1 Charge density study from powder diffraction. Structural phase transition. Ab initio structure determination from powder diffraction. Crystal structure refinement by Rietveld method. In situ powder diffraction experiment under gas and vapor adsorption/desorption. (Sept. 1999) Powder Diffraction BL02B2 X-ray diffraction measurements and radiography under extreme conditions using large-volume press. (Oct. 1997) High Temperature and High Pressure Research BL04B1 Structural analysis of glass, liquid, and amorphous materials. (Sept. 1999) High Energy X-ray Diffraction BL04B2 Magnetic Compton scattering. High-resolution Compton scattering. Compton scattering imaging. High-energy X-ray scattering. High-energy X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF). Time-resolved pair distribution function analysis (PDF). (Oct. 1997) High Energy Inelastic Scattering BL08W Resonant hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). Polarization-dependent HAXPES using diamond phase retarder. Depth analysis of electron state. Materials science and applied materials science. (Oct. 1997) HAXPES BL09XU Crystal structure analysis under high pressure using diamond-anvil cells, in situ / operando observation of phase transition and compression behavior under extreme conditions. Material sciences under extreme conditions. High pressure Earth and Planetary science. (Oct. 1997) High Pressure Research BL10XU X-ray diffraction and reflectivity measurements. Atomic-scale structural analysis of crystal surfaces and interfaces, ultrathin films, and nanostructures. Residual stress measurement. Time-resolved X-ray diffraction. In situ process observation using X-ray diffraction. Operando X-ray diffraction. High-resolution powder X-ray diffraction and X-ray total scattering. Structural refinement using Rietveld analysis. In situ / operando powder X-ray diffraction. Time-resolved powder X-ray diffraction. Analysis of local structures using micro/nano beam. (Sept. 2001) Surface and Interface Structures BL13XU X-ray imaging. XAFS in a wide energy range (5–72 keV). XAFS of dilute systems and thin films. Time-resolved XAFS by quick scan (Time-resolved QXAFS). (Sept. 2007) Engineering Science Research II BL14B2 Residual stress measurement. Structural analysis of thin film, surface and interface. Powder X-ray diffraction. X-ray topography. Ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering. (Nov. 2001) Engineering Science Research I BL19B2 X-ray micro- / nano-imaging: micro-CT, nano-CT (15–37.7 keV), refraction/phase contrast imaging. X-ray diffraction tomography (XRD-CT), microbeam/scanning X-ray microscope. Research and development of X-ray optics and optical elements, coherent X-ray optics. Ultra small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS, 23 keV). (Sept. 2001) Medical and Imaging II BL20XU Micro-radiography, micro-angiography, micro-tomography, and refraction-contrast imaging are the mainly used techniques. BL20B2 is also applicable to small-animal experiments for medical research. Research and development of basic techniques for evaluation of optical devices and X-ray imaging. (Sept. 1999) Medical and Imaging I BL20B2 Research on electron states by photoemission spectroscopy (PES). Research on electronic band structures by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). Study of magnetic states by magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) of soft X-ray absorption. Analysis of surface atomic arrangement by photoelectron diffraction (PED). Nano-spectroscopic analysis using low-energy / photoemission electron microscope (SPELEEM). (Apr. 1998) Soft X-ray Spectroscopy of Solid BL25SU Soft X-ray photoabsorption spectroscopy of dilute samples in partial fluorescence yield mode. Surface and interface analysis using depth-resolved soft X-ray photoabsorption spectroscopy. Soft X-ray photoabsorption spectroscopy under ambient atmospheric pressure. Spectroscopy using soft X-ray microbeam. Observation of electron state in solids by soft X-ray emission spectroscopy. (May 1998) Soft X-ray Photochemistry BL27SU White X-ray diffraction: X-ray topography. Energy-dispersive strain measurement. Time-resolved energy-dispersive XAFS (DXAFS) for studies of chemical and/or physical reaction process. Radiation therapy. High energy (~200 keV) X-ray microtomography. (Sept. 1999) White Beam X-ray Diffraction BL28B2 Phonons in solids and atomic dynamics in disordered materials by inelastic X-ray scattering. Atomic and molecular dynamics by nuclear resonant inelastic scattering and quasi-elastic scattering. Synchrotron-radiation-based Mössbauer spectroscopy. Nuclear excitation. (Sept. 2001) Inelastic and Nuclear Resonant Scattering BL35XU X-ray microbeam/nano-beam spectrochemical analysis. X-ray spectroscopic imaging. Ultratrace-element analysis. High-energy X-ray fluorescence analysis. Projection /scanning/imaging XAFS microscopy. High brightness XAFS. Coherent diffraction imaging XAFS microscopy. (Nov. 2002) Trace Element Analysis BL37XU Macromolecular crystallography. Micro-crystallography. Automation and high throughput data collection for protein crystallography. (Apr. 2019) Structural Biology lll BL45XU X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopy and element-specific magnetometry (ESM). X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and its magnetic circular dichroism. XMCD magnetic imaging and local ESM using micro/nanobeam, XAFS microscopy and local ESM, XAFS and XMCD at high pressure. X-ray spectroscopy using variable X-ray polarization (horizontally/perpendicularly linear or circular). (Oct. 1997) Magnetic Materials BL39XU Fast time-resolved X-ray diffraction and scattering experiments. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence analysis. Microbeam X-ray diffraction and scattering experiments. Micro-crystallography. (Apr. 2000) High Flux BL40XU Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). (Sept. 1999) Structural Biology II BL40B2 Macromolecular crystallography. Micro-crystallography. Ultra-high resolution structural analysis. (Oct. 1997) Structural Biology I BL41XU Infrared microspectroscopy. (Apr. 2000) Infrared Materials Science BL43IR Hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. (Nov. 2000) Engineering Science Research lll BL46XU X-ray optics. Planetary science. Materials science. Applied materials science. (Oct. 1997) HAXPES • μ μ CT BL47XU Research Frontiers 2021 Research Frontiers 2021 119 High resolution photoemission spectroscopy; soft X-ray emission spectroscopy; soft X-ray diffraction spectroscopy; soft X-ray microspectroscopy. SR science with highly brilliant X-ray beam. Structural biology research based on single crystal X-ray diffraction. Structural biology research based on single crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray optics, especially coherent X-ray optics. High resolution inelastic X-ray scattering for investigating atomic and electronic dynamics. Structural materials science research using powder X-ray diffraction. X-ray computed tomography; X-ray diffraction; X-ray absorption fine structure; R&D of SR instruments. RIKEN Coherent Soft X-ray Spectroscopy RIKEN SR Physics BL17SU BL19LXU BL26B1 RIKEN Structural Genomics I BL36XU RIKEN Materials Science II BL26B2 RIKEN Structural Genomics II BL29XU RIKEN Coherent X-ray Optics Protein microcrystallography. BL32XU RIKEN Targeted Proteins BL43LXU RIKEN Quantum NanoDynamics BL44B2 RIKEN Materials Science I BL32B2 BL38B1 (Sept. 2003) (Oct. 2000) (Apr. 2002) R&D of high-energy X-ray optics, instruments, and applications; structural and dynamical research using small and wide angle scattering. BL05XU R&D-ID R&D-BM (Mar. 2004) (Apr. 2002) (Dec. 1998) (Oct. 2009) Structure study of non-crystalline biological materials using small-angle scattering and diffraction techniques. RIKEN Structural Biology I (Oct. 2000) (Oct. 2011) (Feb. 1998) (May 2002) (Apr. 2020) Accelerator beam diagnostics. BL38B2 Diagnosis Beamline (Sept. 1999) Time resolved XAFS and X-ray diffraction; 2D/3D scanning XAFS imaging; 3D computed tomography/laminography XAFS imaging; X-ray emission spectroscopy; ambient pressure hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; pink beam experiments. Advanced diffraction and scattering with high-energy X-rays. BL15XU RIKEN Materials Science III (Oct. 2021) XAFS in a wide energy region. Small angle X-ray scattering. X-ray topography. Imaging. X-ray diffraction for multipurpose. BL08B2 Hyogo BM (Hyogo Prefecture) Structural characterization of softmaterials using small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering. Grazing-incidence small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering for thin films. Ambient pressure photoemission spectroscopy, nano-beam photoemission spectroscopy, high-resolution soft X-ray emission spectroscopy, and any methods requiring the highly brilliant soft X-ray beam. BL03XU Advanced Softmaterial (Advanced Softmaterial Beamline Consortium) BL07LSU The University-of-Tokyo Outstation Beamline for Materials Science (The University of Tokyo) (Jun. 2005) (Nov. 2009) (Oct. 2009) Nuclear resonant scattering. Surface and interface structure with MBE. Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. X-ray emission spectroscopy. BL11XU QST Quantum Dynamics I ( National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology ) (Oct. 1998) X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Powder X-ray diffraction. High resolution X-ray scattering. Protein crystallography. BL12B2 NSRRC BM (National Synchrotron Rad. Res. Center) (Oct. 2000) Non-resonant or resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. Hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. BL12XU NSRRC ID (National Synchrotron Rad. Res. Center) (Dec. 2001) Materials science at high pressure. XAFS. Time-resolved energy-dispersive XAFS (DXAFS). BL14B1 QST Quantum Dynamics II ( National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology ) (Dec. 1997) Characterization of secondary battery related materials, semiconductors, fuel cells, catalysts, and several industrial materials with using X-ray absorption fine structure measurements, X-ray diffraction (including X-ray reflectivity technique), X-ray topography and computed tomography/laminography. BL16B2 SUNBEAM BM (SUNBEAM Consortium) (Oct. 1998) Characterization of secondary battery related materials, semiconductors, fuel cells, catalysts, and structural materials using X-ray diffraction, X-ray microbeam based evaluation techniques (including X-ray magnetic circular dichroism), hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and fluorescence X-ray analysis. BL16XU SUNBEAM ID (SUNBEAM Consortium) (Oct. 1998) HAXPES. XAFS. Residual stress/strain distribution analysis. High-pressure science. Coherent X-ray diffraction. Surface X-ray diffraction. High-energy X-ray diffraction. Time-resolved X-ray diffraction. Surface chemistry with supersonic molecular beam. Photoelectron spectroscopy. Magnetic circular dichroism. STXM. BL22XU JAEA Actinide Science I (Japan Atomic Energy Agency) BL23SU JAEA Actinide Science II (Japan Atomic Energy Agency) (May 2002) (Feb. 1998) Microbeam small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering for local structure analysis. Scanning and imaging microscope, micro-tomography, coherent diffraction. Microbeam X-ray diffraction and bright field X-ray topography for electronic device materials. Near-ambient pressure hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. BL24XU Hyogo ID (Hyogo Prefecture) (May. 1998) Characterization of rechargeable battery reactions and battery related materials by resonant X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XDS), and hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES). BL28XU (Apr. 2012) Advanced Batteries (Kyoto University) (Oct. 2013) Production of high intensity GeV photon beam by laser-backward Compton scattering. Hadron physics via photonucleon and photonuclear reactions. Test and calibration of detectors with GeV gamma-ray and converted electrons/positrons. BL31LEP Laser-Electron Photon II (RCNP, Osaka University) Under removal work. BL33LEP Laser-Electron Photon (RCNP, Osaka University) (Jun. 1999) Time-resolved XAFS. 3DXRD. Characterization of industrial materials and devices (e.g. catalysts, lightweight bodies, secondary batteries, fuel cells, and power modules). BL33XU (Apr. 2009) TOYOTA (TOYOTA Central R&D Labs., Inc.) Crystal structure analysis of biological macromolecular assemblies (e.g., membrane protein complexes, protein complexes, protein-nucleic acid complexes, and viruses). BL44XU Macromolecular Assemblies (IPR, Osaka University) (May 1999) as of April 2022 BL # Beamline Name Contract Beamlines BL # ( First Beam ) or ( Public Use ) as of April 2022 Areas of Research and Available Techniques RIKEN Beamlines
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