194 Table I. Beam parameters of SPring-8 storage ring The electron storage ring of the SPring-8 accelerator complex can potentially accommodate sixty-two beamlines (34 insertion devices, 4 long undulators, 23 bending magnets and 1 infrared). Occupying about 75% of its full capacity, there are 48 beamlines currently in operation as shown in the Beamline map (Fig. 2) and List of beamlines (Table II). These beamlines are primarily categorized into the following four groups: (1) Public Beamlines, (2) Contract Beamlines, (3) RIKEN Beamlines, and (4) Accelerator Beam Diagnosis beamlines. Constructed by JAEA (Japan Atomic Energy Agency) 1 and RIKEN with governmental grants, the Public Beamlines have been operated for public use. Now, there are 25 public beamlines in operation; 22 X- ray beamlines, two soft X-ray beamlines and one infrared beamline. Among them, three beamlines had been specifically used for R&D. According to the recommendation made by the R&D Beamline Review Committee, however, two of the R&D beamlines have had their status changed to general use since the period of 2005A, although one of them (BL46XU) is still solely used for R&D programs as an interim measure. In order to accommodate the rapid increase in the number of users from the industrial domain, the construction of a new beamline has begun at the site of BL14B2. Beamlines Beamlines Fig. 2. Beamline map. 1 The Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) was transformed into an independent administrative institution, now called Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), on October 1, 2005. 2 Owing to the withdrawal of JAERI from the SPring-8 management on October 1, 2005, JAEA beamlines, previously called JAERI beamlines, are now categorized as contract beamlines. The contract beamlines are installed, owned, operated and maintained by universities, companies, and other organizations for exclusive use by contractors. Currently, there are 14 contract beamlines in operation, including JAEA beamlines 2 . The experimental stations of BL22XU and BL23SU are located at JAEA's RI Laboratory and are dedicated to research utilizing radioactive isotopes and actinide materials. The National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center of Taiwan (NSRRC) was the first foreign organization to construct contract beamlines at SPring-8, i.e., BL12B2 and BL12XU. There are 7 RIKEN beamlines for their exclusive use to promote RIKEN's research activities, although 20% of the beamtime is reserved for public use. RIKEN BL19LXU is the only beamline equipped with a long undulator, realizing the highest degree of brilliance. BL26B1 and BL26B2 are the beamlines used for high-throughput protein crystallography, a method used in the human genome project. BL29XU has two experimental stations, one located in the experimental hall and the other at the end of the 1 km beamline. Dedicated to the study of the characteristics of the electron beam accumulated in the storage ring, the accelerator beam diagnosis beamlines are currently used exclusively by the JASRI accelerator group. 195 196 Table II. List of beamlines 197
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