Research Frontiers 2014 Research Frontiers 2014 144 Our third year of operations proceeded without any significant issues. Operation statistics are summarized in Table 4. The ratio of downtime to user time was kept below 6.6%, a reasonably low rate for linac-based light sources. In 2014, two beamlines, BL3 for XFEL and BL1 for broadband spontaneous light, were open for users, while all experiments were conducted with BL3. As the newest beamline, construction of BL2 was completed during the summer shutdown, and first laser amplification was achieved on October 21. SACLA calls for public use proposals twice per year. Proposals fall into two categories: General Proposals for general research with no specific research theme, while Priority Strategy Proposals are on strategic themes that are designated by the national policy. Currently there are two strategic themes: Hierarchical Structure Dynamics of Biomolecules and Pico/Femto Second Dynamic Imaging. Table 5 shows the research themes for each group are as follows: Table 6, Figs. 6 and 7 provide statistics on proposals, users, and beamtime. Among the proposals carried out, the number of general proposals were 13, 8, 9, 11, 8, and 12 during 2012A, 2012B, 2013A, 2013B, 2014A, and 2014B, respectively. Table 4 . Operation statistics for FY2014 SACLA I. Introduction II. Machine Operation & Beamlines III. User Program and Statistics Total operation time 6258 User time 3600 Facility tuning time Study time Downtime 382 2276 237 (6.6% of user time) Time (h) 1. Hierarchical Structure Dynamics of Biomolecules 2. Pico/Femto Second Dynamic Imaging 1-1 Structural Analysis of Drug-targeted Membrane Protein Nanocrystals 1-2 Imaging of Whole Cell and Its Components in the Living State 1-3 Single Molecule Structural Analysis of Supramolecular Complex 1-4 Dynamics Research Combining Single Molecule X-ray Diffraction Experiments and Supercomputer Analysis 1-5 Dynamic Structural Analysis Using Pump-Probe Techniques 2-5 Dynamic X-ray Spectroscopy 2-4 Ultrafast Processes under Extreme Conditions 2-3 Charge Generation/Charge Transfer Dynamics 2-2 Ultrafast Interface Reaction Processes 2-1 Gas-Phase/Liquid-Phase/Solid-Phase Reaction Dynamics Table 5 . Research themes for each group SACLA is the world's second X-ray free electron laser (XFEL), following the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) in the US. Currently, these are the only two XFELs in operation. SACLA delivers the shortest wavelength XFEL. SACLA achieved its first lasing on June 7, 2011, within three months of electron beam commissioning, and launched user operations from 2012A. The user selection system for SACLA is based on that used by SPring-8. SACLA has an independent proposal review committee, the SACLA Proposal Review Committee (SACLA PRC), which reviews all received proposals. Research Frontiers 2014 Research Frontiers 2014 Research Frontiers 2014 Research Frontiers 2014 145 In 2014, 16 papers were published as user scientific activities at SACLA, while 4 papers were reported from the SACLA facility. They include 10 reports appeared in Nature-related journals and Physical Review Letters. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Proposals Submitted Proposals Approved/Carried Out Number of Proposals Research Term 2012A 2012B 2013A 2013B 2014A 2014B Fig. 7. Half-year Research Term Proposals Submitted Proposals Approved/Carried Out Cumulative Users Beamtime Carried Out (Shifts) 2012A 2012B 2013B 2013A 2014B 2014A 55 49 59 25 27 24 30 28 29 297 461 268 410 400 430 126 154 117 139 147 140 68 49 70 One shift = 12 hours at SACLA beamlines 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Proposals Approve d/Carried Out Research Term 2012A 2012B 2013A 2013B 2014A 2014B Foreign Industry National or Public Research Institute University or Other Educational Institute Fig. 6. IV. Research Outcome Table 6 . Number of proposals submitted, proposals approved/carried out, cumulative users and beamtime available by research term
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