Research Frontiers 2023 Research Frontiers 2023 117 The SPring-8 storage ring can accommodate up to 62 beamlines: 34 insertion devices, 4 long undulators, and 24 bending magnets. At present, 55 beamlines are in operation, covering a wide variety of research fields involving synchrotron radiation science and technology. The beamlines are classified into the following three types. (1) Public Beamlines (26 beamlines operating), (2) Contract Beamlines (13 beamlines operating), and (3) RIKEN Beamlines (16 beamlines operating). Currently, 26 public beamlines are fully operational. Beamlines that have been proposed and constructed by external organizations, such as universities, research institutes, private companies and consortiums, are referred to as contract beamlines and these are used exclusively by contractors for their own research purposes. At present, 13 contract beamlines are in operation. Beamlines constructed by RIKEN or transferred to RIKEN, except for public beamlines, are referred to as RIKEN beamlines and are primarily used for RIKEN's own research activities, with partial availability for public use. RIKEN is now operating 16 beamlines. To illustrate the beamline portfolio of SPring-8, a beamline map is shown in Fig. 2 together with the beamline classification. The research fields of each beamline are presented in Table 3. III. Beamlines Fig. 2. Beamline map as of April 2024. Main Bldg. Powder Diffraction Diagnosis Beamline I BL38B2 BL02B2 RIKEN Coherent X-ray Optics RIKEN Structural Genomics II RIKEN Targeted Proteins RIKEN Structural Genomics I BL29XU BL32XU BL26B2 BL26B1 Soft X-ray Spectroscopy of Solid BL25SU Hyogo ID BL24XU BL23SU JAEA Actinide Science I BL22XU Macromolecular Crystallography II RIKEN Materials Science I HAXPES II Soft X-ray Photochemistry Magnetic Materials RIKEN Structural Biology I High Flux SAXS BM Macromolecular Crystallography I White Beam X-ray Diffraction RIKEN Quantum NanoDynamics Inelastic and Nuclear Resonant Scattering Trace Element Analysis XAFS I Single Crystal Structure Analysis High Temperature and High Pressure Research R&D-ID I High Energy Inelastic Scattering BL45XU BL44B2 Infrared Materials Science BL43 IR BL46XU BL27SU BL39XU BL38B1 BL35XU BL40XU BL40B2 BL41XU BL28B2 BL43 LXU BL37XU BL01B1 BL02B1 BL04B1 BL05XU BL08W HAXPES I BL09XU High Pressure Research BL10XU Hyogo BM BL08B2 Advanced Softmaterial (Japan Atomic Energy Agency) (Advanced Softmaterial Beamline Consortium) (National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology) Diagnosis Beamline II R&D-BM R&D-ID II QST Quantum Dynamics I High Energy X-ray Diffraction BL33LEP (TOYOTA Central R&D Labs., Inc.) TOYOTA BL33XU BL32B2 Macromolecular Assemblies (Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University) BL44XU RIKEN Materials Science II BL36XU (Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University) Laser-Electron Photon II BL31LEP ( Kyoto University ) Advanced Batteries BL28XU Micro-CT BL47XU BL07LSU BL11XU X-ray Diffraction and Scattering I BL13XU (National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology) QST Quantum Dynamics II BL14B1 XAFS II BL14B2 RIKEN Materials Science III BL15XU RIKEN Analytical Science I BL16XU RIKEN Analytical Science II BL16B2 RIKEN Coherent Soft X-ray Spectroscopy BL17SU RIKEN SR Physics BL19LXU X-ray Diffraction and Scattering II BL19B2 Medical and Imaging II BL20XU Medical and Imaging I BL20B2 (National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center) NSRRC ID BL12XU (National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center) NSRRC BM BL12B2 BL04B2 BL03XU (Hyogo Prefecture) (Hyogo Prefecture) Beamline Map • Insertion Device (6 m) • Long Straight Sec. (30 m) • Bending Magnet Total number of beamlines : 62 : 34 ( ) : 4 ( ) : 24 ( ) Beamline Bending Magnets X-ray Undulator Soft X-ray Undulator Wiggler BL: B1, B2: XU: SU: W: IR: LEP: LXU: LSU: Infrared Radiation Laser-Electron Photon Long-length X-ray Undulator Long-length Soft X-ray Undulator NSRRC: National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Taiwan : Contract Beamlines : RIKEN Beamlines : Public Beamlines : Planned or Under Construction JAEA Actinide Science II (Japan Atomic Energy Agency) Research Frontiers 2023 Research Frontiers 2023 118 Table 3. List of beamlines ( First Beam ) or as of April 2024 Public Beamlines BL # Beamline Name Areas of Research and Available Techniques ( Public Use ) (Oct. 1997) Wide energy range (3.8–113 keV), XAFS of dilute systems and thin films, time-resolved XAFS by quick scan (time-resolved QXAFS), depth-resolved XAFS, XAFS at low and high temperatures, simultaneous XAFS and XRD measurements, simultaneous XAFS and IR measurements. (Oct. 1997) XAFS I I BL01B1 Single Crystal Structural Analysis Charge density study using high energy X-ray, in situ single crystal experiments, microcrystal structure analysis. BL02B1 Charge density study from powder diffraction, structural phase transition, ab initio structure determination from powder diffraction, crystal structure refinement by Rietveld method, in situ powder diffraction experiment under gas and vapor adsorption/desorption. (Sep. 1999) Powder Diffraction BL02B2 X-ray diffraction measurements and radiography under extreme conditions using large-volume press. (Oct. 1997) High Temperature and High Pressure Research BL04B1 Structural analysis of glass, liquid, and amorphous materials. (Sep. 1999) High Energy X-ray Diffraction BL04B2 Magnetic Compton scattering, high-resolution Compton scattering, Compton scattering imaging, high-energy X-ray scattering, high-energy X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), time-resolved pair distribution function analysis (PDF). (Oct. 1997) High Energy Inelastic Scattering BL08W Resonant hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES), polarization-dependent HAXPES using diamond phase retarder, depth analysis of electron state, materials science, and applied materials science. (Oct. 1997) HAXPES I I BL09XU Crystal structure analysis under high pressure using diamond-anvil cells, in situ / operando observation of phase transition and compression behavior under extreme conditions, material sciences under extreme conditions, high pressure Earth and planetary science. (Oct. 1997) High Pressure Research BL10XU X-ray diffraction and reflectivity measurements, atomic-scale structural analysis of crystal surfaces and interfaces, ultrathin films, and nanostructures, residual stress measurement, time-resolved X-ray diffraction, in situ process observation using X-ray diffraction, operando X-ray diffraction, high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction and X-ray total scattering, structural refinement using Rietveld analysis, in situ / operando powder X-ray diffraction, time-resolved powder X-ray diffraction, analysis of local structures using nanodiffraction. (Sep. 2001) X-ray Diffraction and Scattering I I BL13XU X-ray imaging, XAFS in a wide energy range (3.8–72 keV), XAFS of dilute systems and thin films, time-resolved XAFS by quick scan (time-resolved QXAFS), XAFS at low and high temperatures. (Sep. 2007) XAFS I II I BL14B2 Residual stress measurement, structural analysis of thin film, surface and interface, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray topography, ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering. (Nov. 2001) X-ray Diffraction and Scattering I II I BL19B2 X-ray micro-/nano-imaging: micro-tomography (micro-CT), nano-CT (15–37.7 keV), refraction/phase contrast imaging, X-ray diffraction tomography (XRD-CT), microbeam/scanning X-ray microscope, research and development of X-ray optics and optical elements, coherent X-ray optics, ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS, 23 keV). (Sep. 2001) Medical and Imaging I II I BL20XU Micro-radiography, micro-angiography, micro-tomography, and refraction-contrast imaging are the mainly used techniques. BL20B2 is also applicable to small-animal experiments for medical research. Research and development of basic techniques for evaluation of optical devices and X-ray imaging. (Sep.1999) Medical and Imaging I I BL20B2 Research on electronic states by photoemission spectroscopy (PES), Research on electronic band structures by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), study of magnetic states by magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) of soft X-ray absorption, analysis of surface atomic arrangement by photoelectron diffraction (PED), nano-spectroscopic analysis using low-energy / photoemission electron microscope (SPELEEM). (Apr. 1998) Soft X-ray Spectroscopy of Solid BL25SU Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy of dilute samples in partial fluorescence yield mode, surface and interface analysis using depth-resolved soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy, soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy under ambient atmospheric pressure, spectroscopy using soft X-ray microbeam, observation of electron state in solids by soft X-ray emission spectroscopy. (May 1998) Soft X-ray Photochemistry BL27SU White X-ray diffraction: X-ray topography, energy-dispersive strain measurement, high energy (~200 keV) X-ray microtomography, high-speed X-ray imaging. (Sep. 1999) White Beam X-ray Diffraction BL28B2 Phonons in solids and atomic dynamics in disordered materials by inelastic X-ray scattering, atomic and molecular dynamics by nuclear resonant inelastic scattering and quasi-elastic scattering, synchrotron-radiation-based Mössbauer spectroscopy, nuclear excitation. (Sep. 2001) Inelastic and Nuclear Resonant Scattering BL35XU X-ray microbeam/nano-beam spectrochemical analysis, X-ray spectroscopic imaging, ultratrace-element analysis, high-energy X-ray fluorescence analysis. Projection/scanning/imaging XAFS microscopy, high brightness XAFS, coherent diffraction imaging XAFS microscopy. (Nov. 2002) Trace Element Analysis BL37XU Macromolecular crystallography, micro-crystallography, automation and high throughput data collection for protein crystallography. (Apr. 2019) Macromolecular Crystallography I II I BL45XU X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopy and element-specific magnetometry (ESM), XAFS and XMCD spectroscopy under extreme conditions (high pressure, high magnetic field, and low/high temperature), XAFS and XMCD spectroscopy using micro/nanobeam and variable X-ray polarization (horizontally/perpendicularly linear or circular), scanning XAFS and XMCD microscopy using micro/nanobeam, X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and high-energy resolution fluorescence detected (HERFD) XAFS spectroscopy. (Oct. 1997) Magnetic Materials BL39XU Fast time-resolved X-ray diffraction and scattering experiments, X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence analysis, microbeam X-ray diffraction and scattering experiments, micro-crystallography. (Apr. 2000) High Flux BL40XU Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). (Sep. 1999) SAXS BM BL40B2 Macromolecular crystallography, micro-crystallography, ultrahigh resolution structural analysis. (Oct. 1997) Macromolecular Crystallography I I BL41XU Infrared microspectroscopy. (Apr. 2000) Infrared Materials Science BL43IR Hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, ambient pressure hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. (Nov. 2000) HAXPES I II I BL46XU X-ray micro-/nano-imaging including CT (7–15 keV), refraction/phase contrast imaging, high speed X-ray imaging, microbeam/scanning X-ray microscope. (Oct. 1997) Micro-CT BL47XU Research Frontiers 2023 Research Frontiers 2023 119 High resolution photoemission spectroscopy; soft X-ray emission spectroscopy; soft X-ray diffraction spectroscopy; soft X-ray microspectroscopy. SR science with highly brilliant X-ray beam. Structural biology research based on single crystal X-ray diffraction. Structural biology research based on single crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray optics, especially coherent X-ray optics. High resolution inelastic X-ray scattering for investigating atomic and electronic dynamics. Structural materials science research using powder X-ray diffraction. X-ray computed tomography; X-ray diffraction; X-ray absorption fine structure; R&D of SR instruments. RIKEN Coherent Soft X-ray Spectroscopy RIKEN SR Physics BL17SU BL19LXU BL26B1 RIKEN Structural Genomics I BL36XU RIKEN Materials Science II BL26B2 RIKEN Structural Genomics II BL29XU RIKEN Coherent X-ray Optics Protein microcrystallography. BL32XU RIKEN Targeted Proteins BL43LXU RIKEN Quantum NanoDynamics BL44B2 RIKEN Materials Science I BL32B2 BL38B1 (Sep. 2003) (Oct. 2000) (Apr. 2002) R&D of high-energy X-ray optics, instruments, and applications; structural and dynamical research using small and wide angle scattering. BL05XU R&D-ID I R&D-BM (Mar. 2004) (Apr. 2002) (Dec. 1998) (Oct. 2009) Structure study of non-crystalline biological materials using small-angle scattering and diffraction techniques. RIKEN Structural Biology I (Oct. 2000) (Oct. 2011) (Feb. 1998) (May 2002) (Mar. 2020) Accelerator beam diagnostics. BL38B2 Diagnosis Beamline (Sep.1999) Time resolved XAFS and X-ray diffraction; 2D/3D scanning XAFS imaging; 3D computed tomography/laminography XAFS imaging; X-ray emission spectroscopy; pink beam experiments. R&D of soft X-ray optics, instruments, and applications. BL07LSU R&D-ID II (Oct. 2009) Advanced diffraction and scattering with high-energy X-rays. BL15XU RIKEN Materials Science III (Oct. 2021) Characterization of materials and products using multiple analytical techniques. (e.g., multi-axis diffractometer) BL16XU Analytical Science I (Oct. 1998) Characterization of materials and products using multiple analytical techniques. (e.g., X-ray digital topography) BL16B2 Analytical Science II (Oct. 1998) Small angle X-ray scattering, X-ray imaging, X-ray computed tomography, X-ray topography. BL08B2 Hyogo BM (Hyogo Prefecture) Structural characterization of softmaterials using small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering, grazing-incidence small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering for thin films. BL03XU Advanced Softmaterial (Advanced Softmaterial Beamline Consortium) (Jun. 2005) (Nov. 2009) Mössbauer spectroscopy, resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, X-ray emission spectroscopy, surface X-ray diffraction ( in situ studies on crystal growth of III-V group semiconductor). BL11XU QST Quantum Dynamics I ( National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology ) (Oct. 1998) X-ray absorption spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, high resolution X-ray scattering, protein crystallography. BL12B2 NSRRC BM (National Synchrotron Rad. Res. Center) (Oct. 2000) Non-resonant or resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. BL12XU NSRRC ID (National Synchrotron Rad. Res. Center) (Dec. 2001) High-temperature and high-pressure X-ray diffraction measurements mainly on hydrogen materials, XAFS for dilute samples, time-resolved energy-dispersive XAFS, irradiation research on biomaterials. BL14B1 QST Quantum Dynamics II ( National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology ) (Dec. 1997) HAXPES, microbeam XAFS, residual stress / strain distribution analysis, X-ray imaging, time-resolved X-ray diffraction, surface X-ray diffraction, high-energy X-ray diffraction, high-pressure science, coherent X-ray diffraction. Surface chemistry with supersonic molecular beam, photoelectron spectroscopy, magnetic circular dichroism, STXM. BL22XU JAEA Actinide Science I (Japan Atomic Energy Agency) BL23SU JAEA Actinide Science II (Japan Atomic Energy Agency) (May 2002) (Feb. 1998) Microbeam small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering for local structure analysis, scanning and imaging microscope, micro-tomography, coherent diffraction, microbeam X-ray diffraction and bright field X-ray topography for electronic device materials, near-ambient pressure hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. BL24XU Hyogo ID (Hyogo Prefecture) (May. 1998) Characterization of rechargeable battery reactions and battery related materials by resonance X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XDS), and hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES). BL28XU (Apr. 2012) Advanced Batteries (Kyoto University) (Oct. 2013) Quark nuclear physics (hadron physics) studied in photon-nucleon and photon-nucleus reactions using high-intensity linearly polarized GeV photon beams from laser-induced Compton scattering; testing detectors using electrons or positrons converted from GeV photons. BL31LEP Laser-Electron Photon II (RCNP, Osaka University) Time-resolved XAFS. 3DXRD, characterization of industrial materials and devices (e.g., catalysts, lightweight bodies, secondary batteries, fuel cells, and power modules). BL33XU (Apr. 2009) TOYOTA (Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc.) Crystal structure analysis of biological macromolecular assemblies (e.g., membrane protein complexes, protein complexes, protein-nucleic acid complexes, and viruses). BL44XU Macromolecular Assemblies (IPR, Osaka University) (May 1999) as of April 2023 BL # Beamline Name Contract Beamlines ( First Beam ) or ( Public Use ) as of April 2024 Areas of Research and Available Techniques RIKEN Beamlines
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